Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Loss of Innocence -- Separate Peace Es

Loss of Innocence in A Separate Peace In the human being nature, naive ignorance of the worlds imperfections eventu wholey yields to the recognition that the world does contain hatred and violence. John Knowles places his novel A Separate Peace in situations which necessitate this emotional transformation. The characters become increasingly aware of the nature of the world. In addition, symbols help show the interrelation of ideas and events as they appear in Genes subconscious mind. In this novel, setting, character, and symbols develop the rootage of going away of innocence. Setting expatiates the theme of loss of innocence. For example, the four major characters in this story are sixteen and seventeen years old, which is the age when teenagers prepare to end their childishness and become adults. Also, the Devon school, where the story takes place, is a place where boys make the transition to full adulthood, and so this setting shows more clearly the boys own growth. Fin ally, World War II, which in 1942 is raging in Europe, forces these teenage boys to grow up fast during their seventeenth year they must evaluate everything that the war means to them and decide whether to take an diligent ... ...nature. Finally, the tree off which Finny and Gene jump represents the Tree of Knowledge jumping from the tree is against the rules, and in doing so the boys symbolically accept the loss of their innocence as Adam and Eve did by eating of the forbidden fruit. Symbols certainly convey the theme of loss of innocence. In John Knowles novel A Separate Peace, the theme of loss of innocence is skillfully developed through setting, character, and symbols. This story simply details a young mans entering the adult world as all children do. Everyone suffers loss of innocence.

Gender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood :: Essays Papers

Gender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood McCarthy reinforces the mind/body and culture/nature sexuality dichotomies proposed by Sherry Ortner through character presentation. She aligns mind and culture chances with male characters, and incarnate names and lifelike occurrences with the female. She exhibits traditionally feminine qualities of writing by using a more(prenominal) than circular rather than linear style, giving attention to details of food, clothing, and body appearances. In her book Making Gender, Ortner argues that womens dissimilar bodily functions may cause them to be surrounding(prenominal) to nature, place them in different social roles, and give them a different psychic structure than men (27). Along with the woman-is-to-man-as-nature-is-to-culture analogy come new(prenominal) dichotomies associated with maleness and femininity. Womens writings atomic number 18 traditionally more circular than linear and wom en are more concerned with their bodies than men. The opposite can then be tell round men they write in a linear style more often and value their bodies less. McCarthy aligns most female characters, including her gran Preston and her great-aunt Margaret, with bodily concerns. She describes her gran strong-armly, giving details active her high-bridged nose, and hair that was naturally black, black as a ravens wing and with a fine silky gloss, like discharge skeins of embellishment thread (202). McCarthy furthers the importance of her grandmothers body by stating that this body of hers was the cult quarry around which our household revolved (225). Her body is on display, not every aspect of her mind or personality. Mrs. Preston is most concerned with the presentation of the body, her own as well as McCarthys. Due to its importance, she keeps properly clothed so overmuch so that it becomes a garish sight whenever exposed. She often reminds McCarthy to pull her skirt down, f lat in the private home. This concern with coverage adds to the dramatic scene when her grandmother learns of her sisters death, goes into hysterics and her scrubs exposes her thighs. McCarthy remembers wanting to pull down the gown as a premiere impulse rather than comfort her. This thought reveals that body presentation is the concern that overrides the intellectual state of the woman. It also reinforces the idea that women are more concerned with bodies than minds. McCarthy presents her gramps Preston more abstractly with illustrations about his character rather than details about his physical appearance.Gender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood Essays PapersGender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood McCarthy reinforces the mind/body and culture/nature gender dichotomies proposed by Sherry Ortner through character presentation. She aligns mind and culture aspects with male characters, and b odily concerns and natural occurrences with the female. She exhibits traditionally feminine qualities of writing by using a more circular rather than linear style, giving attention to details of food, clothing, and body appearances. In her book Making Gender, Ortner argues that womens different bodily functions may cause them to be closer to nature, place them in different social roles, and give them a different psychic structure than men (27). Along with the woman-is-to-man-as-nature-is-to-culture analogy come other dichotomies associated with masculinity and femininity. Womens writings are traditionally more circular than linear and women are more concerned with their bodies than men. The opposite can then be said about men they write in a linear style more often and value their bodies less. McCarthy aligns most female characters, including her grandmother Preston and her great-aunt Margaret, with bodily concerns. She describes her grandmother physically, giving details abou t her high-bridged nose, and hair that was naturally black, black as a ravens wing and with a fine silky gloss, like loose skeins of embroidery thread (202). McCarthy furthers the importance of her grandmothers body by stating that this body of hers was the cult object around which our household revolved (225). Her body is on display, not any aspect of her mind or personality. Mrs. Preston is most concerned with the presentation of the body, her own as well as McCarthys. Due to its importance, she keeps properly clothed so much so that it becomes a garish sight whenever exposed. She often reminds McCarthy to pull her skirt down, even in the private home. This concern with coverage adds to the dramatic scene when her grandmother learns of her sisters death, goes into hysterics and her nightgown exposes her thighs. McCarthy remembers wanting to pull down the gown as a first impulse rather than comfort her. This thought reveals that body presentation is the concern that overrides the m ental state of the woman. It also reinforces the idea that women are more concerned with bodies than minds. McCarthy presents her grandfather Preston more abstractly with illustrations about his character rather than details about his physical appearance.Gender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood Essays PapersGender Dichotomy Reinforcement in Mary McCarthys Memories of a Catholic Girlhood McCarthy reinforces the mind/body and culture/nature gender dichotomies proposed by Sherry Ortner through character presentation. She aligns mind and culture aspects with male characters, and bodily concerns and natural occurrences with the female. She exhibits traditionally feminine qualities of writing by using a more circular rather than linear style, giving attention to details of food, clothing, and body appearances. In her book Making Gender, Ortner argues that womens different bodily functions may cause them to be closer to nature, place the m in different social roles, and give them a different psychic structure than men (27). Along with the woman-is-to-man-as-nature-is-to-culture analogy come other dichotomies associated with masculinity and femininity. Womens writings are traditionally more circular than linear and women are more concerned with their bodies than men. The opposite can then be said about men they write in a linear style more often and value their bodies less. McCarthy aligns most female characters, including her grandmother Preston and her great-aunt Margaret, with bodily concerns. She describes her grandmother physically, giving details about her high-bridged nose, and hair that was naturally black, black as a ravens wing and with a fine silky gloss, like loose skeins of embroidery thread (202). McCarthy furthers the importance of her grandmothers body by stating that this body of hers was the cult object around which our household revolved (225). Her body is on display, not any aspect of her mind or personality. Mrs. Preston is most concerned with the presentation of the body, her own as well as McCarthys. Due to its importance, she keeps properly clothed so much so that it becomes a garish sight whenever exposed. She often reminds McCarthy to pull her skirt down, even in the private home. This concern with coverage adds to the dramatic scene when her grandmother learns of her sisters death, goes into hysterics and her nightgown exposes her thighs. McCarthy remembers wanting to pull down the gown as a first impulse rather than comfort her. This thought reveals that body presentation is the concern that overrides the mental state of the woman. It also reinforces the idea that women are more concerned with bodies than minds. McCarthy presents her grandfather Preston more abstractly with illustrations about his character rather than details about his physical appearance.

Realism and Romanticism in A Midsummer Night’s Dream :: Midsummer Nights Dream

Realism and Romanticism in A Midsummer Nights Dream   In A Midsummer Nights Dream, by William Shakespeare, hit the hay is viewed in different ways. While the four main characters believe in romanticism, Theseus is a strong supporter of realism.  Bottom proves to be quite accurate characterizing the four main lovers when he states, O what fools these mortals be..             Demetrius and Lysander both speak in tropical language and both are very handsome. Their love for Helena and Hermia deal mainly with physical attraction and flirtatious acts than love that captures body, mind, and soul. If any of the four characters posses anything of naturalistic love, it would be Hermia. She was willing to risk death in order to be with Lysander. This act of love goes beyond any other in this play, and demonstrates Hermias awe to Lysander. My good Lysander, I swear to thee by Cupids strongest bow- Tomorrow truly will I meet with thee (Act 1, Scene 1).             Helena is one of the silliest characters in the play, and at times can be quite irritating. Demetrius shows no love for her, yet she persists in chasing him. And even for that do I love you the more. I am your spaniel and, Demetrius, the more you beat me, I will fawn on you (Act 2, Scene 1). These characters are a true definition of love sick. All of them reckon to be in love with love, more so than in love with for each one other. They all frantically run about, each changing partners so much that one is never really sure of who loves whom. Each consume themselves with what they consider to be real love to the point of losing touch completely with the real world. To them, love is a fairy tale which involves no reason. They all believe that falling in love involves zip more than romantic speech and desire for each other.             Unlike the four main lovers, These us, Duke of Athens, believes that men should never be out of touch with the real world. In short, he views the four lovers story as nothing but an illusion concocted in their imaginations. The entire idea of being infatuated with ones lover to the point of losing touch with the real world is wild to him. At first, Theseus love for Hippolyta may be viewed as cold, but once one realizes Theseus realistic and noble character, it is obvious that he strongly desires his bride.

Summary and Analysis of The Monks Tale :: Canterbury Tales The Monks Tale Essays

Summary and outline of The Monks Tale (The Canterbury Tales)Prologue to the Monks TaleWhen the tale of Melibee ended, the Host utter that hed give up a barrel of ale to have his wife hear the tale of Prudence and her patience, for she is an ill-tempered woman. The Host asks the narrator his name, and attempts to guess his profession maybe a sexton or other such officer, or a wily governor. The Monk will tell the next tale, a series of tragedies. AnalysisChaucer uses the prologue to the Monks Tale as one more opportunity for satiric, self-referential comedy. Within the story he is a necessarily opaque character. Significantly, the Host assumes that Chaucer is, at best, a mid-ranking presidency official and not an artist capable of constructing a landmark piece of literature such as the Canterbury Tales. The Monks TaleThe Monks Tale is not a unappeasable narrative tale as are most of the other Canterbury Tales. Instead, it chronicles various historical characters who experience a fall from grace. The first of these is Lucifer, the fair angel who cut back from heaven to hell. Next is Adam, the one man who was not born of original sin, but lost Paradise for all humanity. Samson fell from grace when he admitted his secret to his wife, who betrayed it to his enemies and then took another lover. Samson slew one thousand men with an asss jawbone, then prayed for God to quench his thirst. From the jawbones tooth sprung a well. He would have conquered the human race if he had not told Delilah that his strength came from his refusal to cut his hair. Without this strength his enemies cut out Samsons eyes and imprisoned him. In the temple where Samson was kept he knocked down two of the pillars, killing himself and everyone else in the temple. The next tale is of Hercules, whose strength was unparalleled. He was finally defeated when Deianera sent Hercules a poisoned shirt made by Nessus. The Monk then tells the tale of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon who had tw ice defeated Israel. The proud king constructed a large gold statue to which all must pray, or else be cast into a pit of flames. Yet when Daniel disobeyed the king, Nebuchadnezzar lost all dignity, acting like a great beast until God relieved him of his insanity. The next, Balthasar, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, excessively worshipped false idols, but fortune cast him down.

Comparing the Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Mac

Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Macbeth and Julius Caesar Kings atomic number 18 everywhere in Shakespeare, from Hamlet to Richard the Second, from Henry the Eighth to Macbeth many of the plays contain a central element of a king or autocratic head of state such as Julius Caesar, for example. They focus more specifically on the temperament of that persons power, especially on the question of removing it what it means on both a political and psychological level, how it can be achieved, and what will happen afterwards. This is not surprising, considering the generation Shakespeare was living in with the question of who ruled and where their authority came from being ever more increasingly asked in Elizabethan and Jacobean times the observations he makes are especially pertinent.Kings and kingship also lend themselves well to drama the king is a symbol of the order (or disorder) of the day and a man who possesses (almost) absolute authority and the billet th at accompanies that, whilst in contrast he is also a human being with the ordinary weaknesses of that condition. Shakespeare is also said to have loved the drama of killing consort to legend he would make a speech when he killed a calf in his fathers abattoir (Richard Wilson A Brute Part.) The dramatic image of sacrifice is curiously prevalent in Julius Caesar Brutus says Let us be sacrificers but not butchers, Caius.We all stand up against the spirit of CaesarAnd in the spirit of men in that respect is no bloodO then that we could come by Caesars spirit,And not dismember Caesar. But, alasCaesar must bleed for it. ( II.i.166-171 )Many images of sacrifice are impart throughout the play, such as the servant returning... ... doubt it and if it does go something else equally fine will take its place. It will be the same thing in a different dress. You cant invent anything finer than kingship, the idea of the king. This may be true for many more than just the dramatist, Kings, Que ens, and other more modern demagogues persist in widespread throughout the world today and we are still far from the fairer, truly democratic world order the revolutionaries of the seventeenth century and many more since then have strived for.Works Cited.Craig,E.G./ ON THE ART OF THEATRE HarvesterDollimore,J./ RADICAL TRAGEDY Harvester.Freer,C./ POETICS OF JACOBEAN DRAMA Hopkins University Press.Kirsch,J./ ROYAL SELF Putnams.Knight,G.W./ IMPERIAL division Methuen.Knight,G.W./ SOVEREIGN FLOWER Methuen.Mack,M./KILLING THE KING Yale Univ. Press.Wilson,R./A BRUTE PART (Lecture handout)

Comparing the Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Mac

Murder of the King in village, Richard II, Henry VIII, Macbeth and Julius Caesar Kings are everywhere in Shakespeare, from Hamlet to Richard the Second, from Henry the Eighth to Macbeth many of the plays contain a central element of a king or autocratic head of state such as Julius Caesar, for example. They focus more(prenominal) specifically on the nature of that persons power, especially on the question of removing it what it means on both a political and psychological level, how it apprize be achieved, and what will happen afterwards. This is not surprising, considering the times Shakespeare was living in with the question of who ruled and where their authority came from being ever more increasingly asked in Elizabethan and Jacobean times the observations he makes are especially pertinent.Kings and kingship also lend themselves well to drama the king is a symbol of the order (or disorder) of the twenty-four hours and a man who possesses (almost) absolute authority and the st atus that accompanies that, whilst in contrast he is also a human being with the ordinary weaknesses of that condition. Shakespeare is also express to have loved the drama of killing according to legend he would make a speech when he killed a calf in his fathers mass murder (Richard Wilson A Brute Part.) The dramatic image of sacrifice is particularly prevalent in Julius Caesar Brutus says Let us be sacrificers but not butchers, Caius.We all stand up against the spirit of CaesarAnd in the spirit of men there is no bloodO then that we could come by Caesars spirit,And not dismember Caesar. But, alasCaesar mustiness bleed for it. ( II.i.166-171 )Many images of sacrifice are present throughout the play, such as the servant returning... ... doubt it and if it does go something else equally fine will canvass its place. It will be the same thing in a different dress. You cant invent anything finer than kingship, the idea of the king. This may be true for many more than just the dram atist, Kings, Queens, and other more modern demagogues remain widespread throughout the realism today and we are still far from the fairer, truly democratic world order the revolutionaries of the seventeenth century and many more since then have strived for.Works Cited.Craig,E.G./ ON THE ART OF THEATRE HarvesterDollimore,J./ RADICAL TRAGEDY Harvester.Freer,C./ POETICS OF Jacobean DRAMA Hopkins University Press.Kirsch,J./ ROYAL SELF Putnams.Knight,G.W./ IMPERIAL THEME Methuen.Knight,G.W./ SOVEREIGN FLOWER Methuen.Mack,M./KILLING THE KING Yale Univ. Press.Wilson,R./A BRUTE PART (Lecture handout)

Evaluating China’s one child Policy Essay

During the seventies, China felt the indenting choose for a drastic insurance polity that would be able to control its ever-expanding commonwealth and to begin development in its body politic and thus the one sister constitution was born, if the policy had not been instituted china would defy vistad severe famine and starvation as it would not down been able to cope with rapid growth.The policy was administ setd in September 1981 and they called it birth planning by which families were given a maximum limit of one child per family however in rural atomic return 18as, couples were allowed to exhaust two children and this was to help need on agricultural land and farming those who try to desecrate this law would face severe consequences. The policy was considered as one of historys most ambitious pieces of social engineering as quoted from The Economist since the policy heavily intervened with families plans for the early and affected how most chines families would funct ion in terms of having children.The policy governed by the Chinese government was said not to last no longer than a single generation and yet here in 2013, the policy still continues to proceed and there are little or no signs of a brand-new policy or removal of this policy from the boorish. Administration Of Policy The policy in china was very drastic and therefore it contained umpteen punishments for anyone who tried to breach the policy and the government also deployed many forces of administration to make sure that heap were being monitored and that no one was trying for a atomic number 16 child. in that respect were family-planning workers in every single workplace to grant families the ability to yield a child if they had been on the waiting list and also at this raze the couple would be presented with a special card which gives them authority to claim governmental benefits such as free education, free kindergarten facilities, free healthcare etc. on birth of the chil d.Police called the granny police, who were not actual police but represented the role of making sure woman were practicing use contraception and to had the objective of reporting on pregnancies so that the local authority would be able to work out whether a family is trying to have a second child illegally. Female women were also given education on the use of contraception and this was to try minimising the amount of unexpected pregnancies.Family planning officials levy great fines of up to ? 20,000 from those who try to have a second child and this fine account for the estimated value of public services that the forbidden child would have acquire over its lifetime. Furtherto a greater extent, in some areas the couple would have been stripped of their house, jobs and even the ability to live in a particular area of the sylvan. Also in earlier time they would have been forfeited their rations and clothing benefits.Further much, women would have been given forced steralisations o r contraceptive pills and their chances of being able to have children ever once again would be removed if they were found guilty of trying to have a second child and this would impose that they would never be able to have a child even if they decide to migrate to another farming. This kind of steralisations was only existent in certain provinces of China and it is currently completely abolished from all part of china as it was considered to unforgiving for a punishment. Changes Generated by The One Child Policy.Without need to say, the obvious the one child policy had caused a vomit in the fertility rate in China. From the starting point of the policy in 1981 to now the birth rate has dropped from an above average 2. 9 to 1. 7 and this has hotshot to understand that the policy was successful and that it has tackled one of the countrys main concern which is an ever-expanding population. Furthermore, this drop has claimed to prevent up to 400 million births, which would otherwis e have kept Chinas population at 1. 7 billion currently compared to the 1.3 billion that it actually is today. However, despite showing a drop in birth rate afterwards the beginning of this policy, there are statistics that show that Chinas fertility rates fell drastically during the 1970s and that the policy did not influence the drop in birth rates much. This suggests that the fertility rate was naturally decreasing so there was no need for the policy. This suggests that the policy did not control the countrys population greatly because the fertility rates had dropped severely just before the commencement of the policy.Therefore the murder of such a severe policy has now indented Chinese peoples concept of families and even if the policy was to be removed people volition still continue to have few children and this would not have been the case if fertility rates were allowed to naturally decrease to make the population eventually shelter much alike how most other countries hav e progressed through the demographic transition such as Russia, Germany and Japan.The rapid fall in fertility rate just before the one child policy is clearly shown in the graph that is on the previous page the graph was taken from the GapMinder webpage which holds information well-nigh the world demographic and thus is very reliable. Another negative impact of the one child policy was a case of female infanticide. In fact, this is an raise concern as it has lead to china presenting a population where there are about 120 Chinese men for every 100 Chinese women and thus there is a shortage of women. There was a severe amount of female infanticide for several reasons.Firstly a male child was seen as more superior for the use on farmland and for the use on agricultural land as men were seen as stronger characters compared to women. Secondly, only the male would be able to carry forward the family secern and in China there was a great cultural desire to carry forward a family name to keep the family advancing through generations. Finally, men are usually the main income-earners, either because they are more employable or earn higher allowance for the same work, or because they are able to do more agricultural work in subsistence economies.Since male babies have a greater income potential, they are more desired over females and thus female births were usually abandoned or killed. There are some stories of extreme discomfort where female babies have been color down toilets and drowned, as they were not considered valuable to Chinese family. Furthermore, the shortage of females in China has lead to a generation where there are too many men, and this was caused by the desire to have a male child in the family.The result of the one child policy has meant that there are metre million women whom would else be existent if the policy wasnt introduced and thus this social engineering has converted the a balanced gender country into an unbalanced country with more men. This has lead to desire to import woman known as human trafficking where women are smuggled using from Burma and North Korea and the women are used as prostitutes or sold as wives and domestic servants in parts of china.This is a negative outcome of the policy by which women are used inappropriately and are illegally imported from other countries. Furthermore, it is expected that by the year 2030 there could be up to 20-30million bachelors in chine whom are unable to find a partner and this would further increase the desire and temptation to want female prostitutes and this will create an illegal transportation of women to china from neighboring countries.Another disfavour of the policy is that a generation of not enough children is developing in china and this results in not enough children to look after parents which could mean that the country could grow old before it is able to develop its economy and becoming rich by limiting the mouths to feed as it is trying to do so using the one child policy. In china this lack of children is called the 4-2-1 dilemma and as The Economist suggests this is where each couple has the job of looking after four parents and one child.This creates a dilemma as the couples parents become aged and need the help of the couple and thus the couple have the cost of having to look after their parents all on their own as they would not have any siblings and thus china has created a problem for families trying to develop as they will have a shortage of money to spend elsewhere in the economy to try boost the countries development stage.The imbalanced structure of chinas population also hints that the working force will come to an end by 2020 and therefore this would mean that the country would not be able to further develop and this has again raised pressure on the Chinese government to introduce further amendments to the one child policy.For example, Hu Jintao suggested allowing more than one birth but between longer gaps and also the scrapping of the birth quota so that couples could still have a child even if the maximum number of children in a certain area is reached. This would help to regain a large population of workers in the future generation to continue with the countries development without having to divvy up with another expanding population.The article presented by The Economist has dealt with many defects of the one child policy including the extortionate amount of female infanticide, the illegal need for a second child, female imports, 4-2-1 issue and the fact that the country could have still developed without the policy as statistics showed that fertility rates were naturally decreasing as people become more educated and this would therefore have reduced to countrys large population and allowed the country to develop as the government would have to feed fewer people and also if the policy had not been introduced there would not be effects one some females lives who have been sterilized for g ood after the birth of the first child because this would prevent the mother from having another child ever.Also, the Chinese government are now unable to scrape the policy because they have not alternatives that could be administrated on the scale of the one child policy and therefore the government suggests we will stick to the family-planning policy for decades and this implies that the removal of the policy would have a considerate difference on Chinas population and that it could possibly improve the gender imbalance which is not of great by-line to china as demographers suggest the removal of the policy would suggest a rapid increase in population once again and this would mean that the country would not be able to achieve its goal which is to become a well developed country with a high GDP. The charts below show what would emit to chinas population and its structure by 2050 if the policy was to be removed and as the first graph clearly suggests, the one child policy has bee n heavily successful in maintaining a smaller population and emphasis should be placed on the fact it is just a smaller population.Although, the population is smaller the structure of the population between men and women and groups of elderly, working class as well as those under 15 is highly imbalanced and as the chart on the right clearly imposes, if the policy was removed the demographic structure will become more balanced once again.

Manipulative essay

A manipulative and exploration aid in maths is a great itinerary to show children math concepts. Manipulative have proven to be expensive when lend oneselfd in math class and are even more valuable to the children when they are young. From reading in the textbook and reading articles about manipulative in a classroom in my opinion it seems like a very useful tool to help the children learn new math concepts. Having these concepts shows children how to learn and progress in the classroom.Using manipulative in a classroom is beneficial to both the student and the teacher because the teacher is able to explain the concepts to the students in a much easier manner using hands-on proficiency. The students are able to physically envision the math concepts and gain knowledge because they understand what they are learning. Plus during this type of learning you are having fun with the activity. When you make these concepts fun for the students you can keep their help and focus.When the children have the concepts down their self esteem goes up and they eel encouraged to keep on using the manipulative and visual aids. Children will be more chivalrous of themselves when they understand the learning. Besides building your self esteem it will help the children to develop self-confidence as well as the teachers. Using hands-on technique will keep the children and the teachers happy and want to continue the learning. As a child I dont really remember using manipulative objects In my math class. Math was always very hard and confusing to me.Maybe If I was taught with these manipulative I might have enjoyed math. Today I see my niece In preschool and how they use the manipulative and visual aids. She Is learning so much. From this I can see how Important and valuable It Is In the learning for the children. In conclusion, from my essay I hazard manipulative and exploration visual aids In mathematical applications are a very usual tool In the classroom. It really helps th e children understand math concept. From doing the research you can tell hands-on technique and manipulative Is an awesome concept for teaching young children.

Chapter One: Introduction

United States of America, with its rich history of immigrants, is a land of diverse cultures and civilizations. Classrooms support students from umpteen different racial and linguistic groups like White Americans, African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Vietnamese etc. According to the various analysis done by the National Centre for Educational Statistics, the faculty member performance of the minorities continue to be below standard. Illiteracy or poor conditioning background is a common phenomenon non only in bucolic argonas simply as advantageously in urban atomic number 18as in some Latin American countries. Although there has been a rise in the number of much(prenominal) students existence enrolled in public schools, but as a group they beget the lowest level of education and broad(prenominal)est drop scram forward rate.Lets view the present consideration of the Hispanic students. They seduce up 15% of the elementary school-age people and will possibly compr ise 25% of the total school-age population by the year 2025. It is spy that over past 20years, their enrollment concur risen by 150 %( U.S. Department of Education, 2000). The U.S. Hispanic population is varied in terms of their countries by birth, economical and accessible status, speech communication skills, family background and education. They have different academic needs as well.They make up 75% of all the students enrolled for contain position proficiency program (LEP), including English as twinkling quarrel program (ESL) and bilingual educational program. As for their academic achievements, the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) shows that 17 year old Hispanic students were quite below in comparison to other White students in science, mathematics and find outing (National Centre of Educational Statistics, 1996). It overly brought to light that their drop step to the fore rate was very much heights as comp ared to other minority groups and r anked lowest in the comparison of high school completion rate.Further more, Baker & Hakuta (1998) state that the number of English dustup learners (ELL) in the U.S. has grown dramatically in the last decade. According to a 1991 internal study, over 2,300,000 students in grades K through 12 are English verbiage learners. This number has grown by over 1,000,000 since 1984. The majority of these students are Spanish-speakers (73%), followed by Vietnamese-speakers (3.9%). Beca map of the overwhelming proportion of ELL students is Spanish speakers, the issue of bilingual education is largely a Latino one. No other actors line group makes up more than 4% of limited English proficient students. This fact makes education a complicated issue for language minority students with low socioeconomic status.Most educators and school administrators in American classrooms overlook that English language learners with minimal formal schooling have difficulties managing information input, organizi ng learning material, following verbal and written instructions, and treat large chunks of new language. Thus, the findings of Ramirez (1991) indicate that Latino students who received sustained L1 instruction through knocked out(p) elementary school have dampen academic prospects than those who have not received instruction in their first language or those who received instruction only in English. Consequently, first language illiteracy in Spanish speaking students has negative consequences in the United States as it retards economic and social development.According to the 1993 U.S. Census Bureau, many Hispanic children vivification in the United States are likely to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, particularly those whose families have recently arrived and are depending in minimum-wage jobs. Approximately 40% of Hispanic children live in poverty, compared to the 13% of non-Hispanic white children (Holman, 1997). Similarly, data from the 2003 U.S. Census Bureau shows th at 58.4% of Hispanic students have completed high school level compared to 85.8% of White and 80.6% of Black population.Eighty percent of ELL are poor and most attend schools where the majority of students also live in poverty and are English language learners. Such schools are poorly retained due to lack of funds and fail to provide technological systemally updated class room environment and well qualified schoolers. Poverty and socio economic status have many implications for educational achievement on Hispanic students. For example, parents income levels and parents educational achievement is highly linked to that of their childrens.They belong to families where the parents themselves are not educated, and therefore lay less(prenominal) importance to schooling and education of their children. Inadequate participation by parents in their childs education has many other reasons too. They have less conviction to spend with their family due to heavy load of work taken up to make b oth ends meet and inability to communicate in English themselves want of proficiency in English is another important hurdle for Hispanic students. This is assumed to be the major reason why they fail to graduate from the high school. In typical classrooms, Hispanic students fail to understand the course taught due to the inability to understand the medium of instruction. Thus, their performance always remains low and at times such(prenominal) negative educational experience acts as a reason for their early dropouts and absenteeism .There are various programs installed for instruction English as present moment language (ESL) in schools yet the dropout rate is on a rise. Terrence (1997) says that state and federally funded bilingual education programs reach only a fraction of eligible students. Three quarters of limited English proficient students receive ESL instruction, while only one-third to one-half of these students receives any instruction in their autochthonic language. sub sequently working with ESL Hispanic students 9-12 grades at Vance High School in Charlotte, NC for both years, I became aware of the academic underachievement some students were experiencing thus far after being in the same grade in some cases for up to three consecutive years. Even though the teachers, administrators have put in a lot of effort, but their situation doesnt seem to be improving. This scenario touched me very much and i developed a particular interest in finding out the causes behind their failures in the classroom and the methodologies which could be implemented to improve the situation.My research will examine and analyze in depth the weaknesses these students bring to the classroom found on the causes of their illiteracy. In addition, I will describe the negative effects of illiteracy in relation to the alarming increase of the growth of Hispanics in the U.S. It is worthwhile to cite Huntley (1992) as she says, The problem of illiteracy seems to be increase and programs to remedy that situation are still inadequate.Spanish speaking students are not well versed in their inseparable language. Most of the programs already being apply dont stress the importance on reducing first language illiteracy. This in turn has a great influence in learning English as a game language. Illiteracy in the first language causes hurdles in learning a second language. Polishing the first language itself will support and ease the process of learning a second language. There are basically four types of literacy in the first language (L1), which has an impact in English learning (Huntley, 1992). These include literate learners, semi-literate learners, non-literate learners and pre-literate learners. Such var. of L1 literacy backgrounds are usually overlooked by teachers.This research explains the different levels or types of illiteracy in detail and their relative importance in learning English as a Second language for Spanish speaking students. One can say th at learning a second language is hard, but it is plane harder when there is a lack of literacy skills in the first language. McGee (1978) says, We acknowledge that being an adult learner is difficult, that being an adult second language learner is even more difficult, and that being a pre-literate adult second language learner must be nothing short of a painful situation. Difficulties arising in an individuals second language learning cannot be properly understood without simultaneous attention to the socio linguistic and socio cultural framework within which learning a second language is occurring.Another major cause of illiteracy in Hispanic students in the United States is attributed to the rate of dropout this document includes an analysis of a study done by Crawford & Egemba (2003), about the factors that contribute to abandon school on Hispanic students of grades 9-12. They based their analysis on demographic factors, academic ability, family background, school experiences an d social influence factors.The variables in this research include academic ability, family socioeconomic status, student gender, employment status, repeating a grade, citizenship status, English proficiency, truancy, urbanicity, gender, friends and siblings status, substance use, and pregnancy/fatherhood. It is also noticed that the drop out students eventually take part in criminal activities. According to Cassel (2003), Today in America one million of the two million prison inmates are high school dropout students and the primary reason for their dropping out of school is a general lack of personal development (p. 1). This shows how much of a sobering issue this ESL drop out learners pose. In addition, this part describes the alarming statistics of Hispanic youth as the fastest growing minority segment in America.It is since 1960s, that many researches have been done to identify the main causes behind such a high drop out rate of Hispanic students. The researches were based on t he logic that once the core issue is identified, it would beat lot easier to devise measures to resolve it. This theory was termed as deficit theory and has guided much work in this field. The theory assumed that the cultural differences were a reason behind their academic failures. However, in 1970s the trend shifted and many more reasons were highlighted and worked upon.Many researches have been carried out to see what will prove helpful in improving this scenario. Most of the educators believe that such educational crisis can be dealt with the help of better teachers and teaching methods. My research explores the different methodologies to teach preliterate or limited formal schooling ESL Spanish speaking students grades 9-12. Although there are several programs designed to teach English as a Second actors line, they mostly promote the use of English as a media of instruction. Few programs neither consider the capacity for literacy in the students first language nor promote the study of the students native language. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that English language learners have different literacy levels and come from a diverse socioeconomic background.The research brings to light what could be effective for improving the situation. It will explain how teachers should be educated about the need and use of various teaching tools, seeing which helps the learning better. Curriculum should be designed in a way that provides equal opportunity for such minority students to read and write. It explains how and why the teachers should understand the cultural difference, and use it positively while imparting education. More resources and effective language teaching practices should be adopted for the students who have limited knowledge of English language. It will prove how the adoption of technologically updated teaching methods may go long way in facilitating teacher in concussion the special learning requirements of such students. This inclu des the usage of visual aids, computers and multimedia, recorders, audio tapes and language masters while teaching students.It is also important that primary or native language is used for the purpose of instructions. Such method, if adopted, would help in concept development and better understanding. It is only through their primary language that the students will effectively learn how to read and write well. This method will also ensure that students dont fall behind academically while they learn English. For this the teachers themselves have to be fluent and bilingual. Not only this, they also need to be certified to teach ESL students. Only the possession of certificates like BCC (Bilingual Certificate of Competence) or B.-C.L.A.D. (Bilingual-Cross-Cultural, Language and Academic Development Certificate) makes them eligible to teach such students. Teachers with other certificates like L.D.S. can team up with fully certified bilingual teachers to help such students.Overall, this study underscores the importance of L1 instruction as a crucial tool for illiterate Spanish-speaking students in U.S. schools and the need to master literacy skills in their native language before they acquire a second language in order to achieve academically in the mainstream classroom. According to Cummins (1981), the capacity for literacy in the first language affects in a dramatic fashion the ability to acquire a second language because metacognitive skills are transferred across languages.For the purpose of this research, I present the two main methodologies Bilingual Education and English-Only instruction and their effects in learning a second language being a preliterate in the native language. In bilingual classrooms, interaction is split between the primary language and English language, whereas, in English-only classes English is the only medium of instructions. Various studies have turn up that students in such bilingual classrooms are at various academic and linguisti c benefits as opposed to the other method. Especially if such method is used for students in pre-school and lower grade levels.This paper discusses in depth the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of instruction. Eventually, my study shows that good bilingual programs should be designed for illiterate ESL learners so as to provide literacy in native language first, so that the input they provide in the target language is comprehensible for them. Being a very contentious topic, its importance deserves more research to determine the effectiveness of each methodology, considering all the variables and the students needs. It also shows that Transitional programs (where primary instruction decreases the more English students learn) or developmental programs (where primary language instruction continues throughout the entire study program) can be used according to the requirement of the students.This research also shows that parental battle in a childs education is of utmost im portance. This can be done by meeting parents regularly to discuss the academic do and performance of their child. Not only this, they should also be convinced to encourage their children for higher studies. This will help in reducing the premature dropouts and may also guarantee higher attainment of education. It was proved through various researched how the lack of involvement was a reason behind early drop outs of such students. Thus, if parents become more aware about their role as their childs partner in learning, they would themselves become the first teachers of their children.It also shows how government can feed their role in improving the situation. It can help in establishing special schools for Hispanics, where the fee structure is affordable. Monetary and technological funds can be provided to such schools. Teaching program there should be designed with special care to address the needs and issues of students. At such schools, proper career guidance should be provided and scholarship programs should be introduced. Moreover, government should allocate more funds for the continued research in this area so that better methodologies can be formulated. still it should be remembered that the success of all of these programs depends upon their proper implementation. Not only this, they need to be monitored and upgraded as and when required. Then only can they help in increasing academic achievements of Hispanic ESL students.Improvement in their situation will allow them to make meaningful contribution towards the society. It will prove helpful in social interaction and boost up their confidence. Not only this, better education would open many earning opportunities for them with which they can improve their economic status. English is an official language through out the nation, and having a good command over it means better position to work in. Moreover, know how of another language brings along with it many intrinsic advantages.Various changes come wi thin ones personality. It gives a better insight to life, brings about tolerance for different life styles, and gives a better ability to expresswell. It provides ability to comprehend other cultures. Second-language skills help in providing maximum enjoyment while traveling as well. However, there have been researchers and educationalists have pointed out few drawbacks of bilingualism. But they in no way outstrip its benefits.Being literate doesnt only mean to possess the ability to read, write, try and speak. But it means doing all this to a certain adequate level. Certain educationalists go as far as including the abilities to face and solve daily problems and make some contribution towards the society as important requisites of being a literate person. Standard for what actually is literacy vary from society to society. Literacy rate determines the standard of living and progression of any state. Thus, it is important for all states to address the educational needs and issues o f its minorities so that they add up to the success of the nation.ReferencesNational Center for Educational Statistics. (1996). NAEP 1996 semipermanent summary. Washington, DC.Alexander, D., Heaviside, S., & Farris, E. (1999). Status of education reform in public elementary and secondary schools Teachers perspectives. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.Huntley, H. S. (1992). The new illiteracy A study of the pedagogic principles of teaching English as a second language to nonliterate adults. Unpublished manuscript. (EDRS No. ED356685).Terrence, G. W. (1997). Myths about language diversity and literacy in the United States, SuDoc ED.Miriam, B., Joy, P. (Feb, 2003) Reading and Adult English Language Learners The role of first Language, National Centre for ESL Literacy Education.Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2002).Teaching and researching reading. Harlow, England Pearson Education.Burt, M., Peyton, J. K., & Adams, R. (2003). Reading and adult English language learners A revue of the research. Washington, DC Center for Applied Linguistics.Fillmore, L.W. and Snow, C.E. (2000). What teachers need to know about language. U.S. Department of Education Educational Research and Improvement. ERIC Digest No. ED-99-CO-0008Birch, B. M. (2002). English L2 reading acquire to the bottom. Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum.

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay

Scene V, Blanche Come in-Ahhh Merciii Discuss this extract in relation to the rest of the text paying attention to structure, form and use of language. The ending section of nip five of Tennessee Williamss play A tramcar Named Desire has provoked much confusion and debate as to the writers motives in regards to the portrayal of Blanche. One school of thought on the military issue is that, in spite of the fact that Williams largely based the character of Blanche upon himself his primary aim in the play is to punish her for her failure to show empathy towards her homosexual husband Allan.Williams was of course a homosexual himself, living in a largely homophobic world where gayness was not a talked some subject. He much brought the issue up in his other works such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof where the characters Brick and Skipper and twain portrayed as possible homosexuals. Blanches lack of empathy and compassion are highlighted once again in this extract when she totally fails to t ake into account the feelings of a stand by early man, and instead uses him to live out her fantasies of desire for her late husband.During the exchange between Blanche and the young man she is portrayed as seductive and dominant I want to kiss you making it clear that she is the one initiating the situation, this is a dramatic contrast to her normal persona around other men such as Mitch and Stanley where she makes herself out to be both innocent and pure. This extract is one of the places where her illusion starts to slip and her past actions are hinted at to the reference.Blanches reaction to you young mans mention of ruddy soda you make my mouth water has a strong sexually reference, a cherry being a metaphor for virginity, which probably only Blanche is awake(predicate) of. This shows that she is simply playing games with the young man use him for her own enjoyment. In the next scene Blanche treats Mitch in a very similar way, after discovering that he does not speak Fren ch she says Voulez-vous couches avec mo ice soir? meaning would you like to sleep with me this evening? which is the call of a French prostitute. The lack of consideration that Blanche shows towards both men and the way she appears to be using them both (The young man for a thrill and Mitch for security) hints not only towards the fact that in the past she has seek remedies for her loneliness with strangers but excessively supports the metaphor presented later in the play of Blanche being a tarantula trapping her victims in a web of illusions Yes a big spider Thats where I brought my victims.Another example of how Williams is using this scene to condemn Blanches can be found by looking at the actions of the young man. During the scene he speaks nervously and makes frequent glances towards the door portraying his wish to escape form Blanches and making it obvious that he is uncomfortable with the situation. salubrious Id better be-. When describing the young man Blanche repeatedl y uses the say young and excessively calls him lamb, this not only enforces his youth to the audience but also the fact that Blanche is aware of how much younger than her he is.The final and perhaps most damming piece of evidence towards Blanche is her reaction towards Mitch at the end of the scene, where, having just kissed a young boy she greets the man she is hoping to marry with open arms, reverting back to her old illusion of purity. This shows her as uncaring and manipulative towards both parties, in the she takes on the roll of two completely different people to get what she wants. It also presents a hint that Blanche is lying about her sexual history.Blanches actions in this extract could also be seen as an example of deliberate cruelty, in so far as she is willing to take advantage of a confused and reluctant young man just for her own pleasure. Blanche has of cores been guilty of deliberate cruelty in her past when she spoke of her revulsion towards Allan I know. I saw. You disgust me. leading to his suicide. calculated cruelty is something that Blanche states that she despises and has Never been guilty off making her seam rather hypocritical.Some might argue in fact that Williams is in fact using this extract to elicit the audiences pity towards Blanche as opposed to their condemnation. Throughout the play reference has been frequently made to Blanches declining mental state, such as when Stanley takes the letters written by Allan away from her and she becomes hysterical. Williams gently reminds the audience of this in numerous ways throughout the extract.For a start, in reference to the lighter Blanche uses the word Temperamental, which is a very unusual description and probably intended to reflect upon her mental state. During the later part of the scene the convocation is accompanied by the Blue Piano, a recurring sign of Blanches guilt, misery and mental declination. It features at many points in the play, usually during periods of anguish f or Blanche such as when she is reminiscing about the loss of Bell Reve to Stella.Blanches crumbling mental state is not helped by her alcoholism, another one of Williamss personality traits that feature throughout his plays, such as with Brick in Cat on a hot tin Roof. Although Blanche isnt actually drinking in this extract the audience knows that she has drunk earlier in the scene a shot never does a coke any harm and are shown how drink can make people do things be the actions of the drunken Negro woman just before the young man arrives. The negro woman cackling hysterically, swaying drunkenly comes around the corner. Williams may also acquire been trying to make the audience sympathise with Blanches paranoia about her appearance and desperation to feel young again. Earlier is the scene the audience sees Blanche looking in the mirror she is later to smash, showing emphasising her fragility about her looks. She also talked to Stella about her fading appearance I Im fading now. Th e audience has also been privy to Blanches hatred of light I cant stand a naked light bulb and her need to hear cocksure remarks about her appearance I was fishing for a compliment Stanley.Another factor that must be considered is that previously in the scene Stanley has begun to tear polish the illusions Blanche weaves to protect herself be hinting that he knows about her past actions (Again hinting that Blanche is lying about her past) Shaw is under the impression that he met you in Loral leaving her exposed and in a state of hysteric shock shown by her frequent pauses in sentences and trembling her hand shakes so it almost slips form the glass.Perhaps the most in all probability explanation for this why this scene seems to show Blanche is two contradictory lights however is that Williams is deliberately leaving it ambiguous, allowing the audience to decide upon their own feelings towards Blanche, and that the true purpose of this scene is to prefigure the revelations about Bla nches past, particularly her relationship with the 17 year old boy that lost her her job.

Are Youths Self Centered?

Consider the criticism leveled at young citizenry that their only values are self centered ones. There has been a biggest drop in empathy in recent history. College kids today are about 40 percent lower in empathy than their counterparts of 20 or 30 years ago. Self-centeredness is caring only about oneself and ones stimulate needs. Having a large proportion of self-centered young people would have a great impact on the society as the young people would be the future of the nation.That would mean a generation of self centered individuals both over the country. Not to mention the values these individuals would impart to their offspring. But is this criticism valid? I do not agree that the criticism is valid. In this essay, I will be touching on two key points. Firstly, young people are just trying to find their own paths. Secondly, young people are still transitioning from children to adulthood. Young people are still in the process of finding their own paths.Young people are taug ht to trust their own judgment, pull in their own decisions, fight for their belief, be themselves and persevere. However, in the process of that, young people are stopped and questioned of their actions. While defending for their actions that they have trusted and believed in, they get misunderstood for being self-centered and self- absorbed. Young people seem self-centered but in actual fact, they cannot find out about themselves unless they pay charge to themselves and do things for themselves.That is how they learn their preferences, dreams, goals and passions. For example, young people have faced criticisms that they are self-centered and friend-centered. However, they are closer with their friends, as they understand better their needs, preferences and dreams as they are in the same age group. They aid each other in finding out about themselves. There are many things that have changed since parents time of teen-hood and they may not understand the challenges posed to young people now.Therefore, young people seem like they are acting self-centered as they are just in the process of finding their own paths. Secondly, young people are still transitioning from children to adulthood. Young adults are facing many assorted emotions, needs, hormones, excitement and anxiety. In order to face these new feelings, they need energy and attention. This may result in the misconception of self-centeredness when the individual is trying to sate their own feelings. The teen period is a time of transition from the security of the small child to the adult world.For example, physical changes in the body like menstruation and spokesperson deepening is a very frightening and confusing change, and in process of dealing with these changes, physically and mentally, suddenly, what is to be understood and secure has changed. New rules have been set. every these new details start to form mountains and it leads the individual to think, So what exactly am I suppose to do? As a result, they turn their attention to themselves and get misunderstood as being self-centered. Therefore, young people seem like they are acting self-centered as they are still transitioning from children to adulthood.

Active relaxation

After doing the active relaxation techniques actually felt more(prenominal) relaxed and less stressed out. I commonly get headaches every single day but after doing the active relaxation techniques Ive only gotten a headache once instead of everyday. The techniques helped me feel more calm and less stressed because lately Ive been stressed about school and getting a job.Its a great way to help you relax firearm youre on the go. Yoga is a form of active relaxation, and Ive been doing Yoga for my ONCE 101 class. Vive always wanted to do yoga but never real pushed myself to actually egress doing it until started college and it was needed for me to do it for hat class and I can honestly say that after doing the Yoga feel better than Ive ever felt before.Im definitely going to start doing active relaxation more often especially every time start to feel anxious or stressed out and know that its really going to help me when it comes time to take midterms and final exams and I know its going to help me not get headaches as often. Another thing is that Ive find I have more energy now than I used to before. Before used to be tired all the time, especially during class and I would struggle to keep my head up, but lately havent really felt as tired as did before.

Classic Literature Essay

Writers also exercise a foil typesetters case as well as irony of hazard. A foil character is used to create suspense because the reader doesnt know how the foil character will play off in his situation, or how the other characters will react to him. Another element writers use is foreshadowing. Writers give out whatsoever details in the fib to lull the reader into thinking something is going to happen a plastered way. However, when the writer uses irony of circumstances, the reader is caught off oppose because the story didnt end the way the evaluate it.rs use foreshadow and irony of circumstances to create suspense in their stories. Kate Chopin uses foreshadow in her story Desirees Baby. In The Story of an Hour, she uses irony of circumstances.Lets first look at Desirees Baby. She uses foreshadowing to create suspense. Writers reveal sealed things about characters to prep ar the reader for the outcome. This creates suspense because the readers want to get over reading w hen they catch a glimpse of a character or the characters actions. through and through these revelations, readers anticipate how the story will end, so they continue reading to find out what does happen. Kate Chopin uses foreshadow in Desirees Baby.When Desiree notices something different about her baby, she talks to Armand. He tells her that the babys coloring indicates only single thinghe is part black. Armand accuses Desiree of deceiving him. Chopin uses a certain passage to foreshadow things about Desiree that may reveal what will happen to the characters in the end.Desiree told Armand, Look at my hair, it is brown and my eyes are gray, Armand, you know they are gray. And my skin is fair, Look at my hand whiter than yours, Armand. These details show the reader that Desiree is lighter than Armand.The reader becomes heterogeneous and wonders what is happening. A writer uses foreshadowing to reveal certain details that lulls the reader into thinking a certain way. Then, throug h the use of another technique called irony of circumstances, a writer wants to surprise the reader at the end of the story by making anunusual turn of events.At the end of the story, Chopin finally reveals that Armand is the ace who is half white and half black and not Desiree. Just like Desirees Baby, Chopin uses irony of circumstances in The Story of an Hour. Mrs. Mallard is waiting of news about her hubby, whom she thought might have died since he had been gone so long. When Mrs.Mallard is told that her husbands name is on the list of those who were killed, Mrs. Mallard is devastated. However, her military capability changes quickly because she is free to do what she wants. The reader is still held in suspense because he or she doesnt know what Mrs. Mallard is going to do until the end of the story. The reader is surprised when Mrs. Mallards husband shows up alive, and when Mrs. Mallard dies after seeing her husband. Even though Chopin uses foreshadowing, she still catches th e reader off guard by using irony of circumstances.

John Steinbeck Essay

Introduction The Ameri rotter day- ambitiousnessing was created by James Truslow Adams in 1931, James Truslow Adams believed that the American dream was of a land in which aliveness should be better and richer and fuller for bothone, with opportunities for each according to ability or achieve manpowert, the American dream was tar relieve oneselfed at poor people who treasured to deliver a better future, some of the things that might be in the American dream is to deliver a house with a nice family.In the book Of Mice and custody. The American Dream is everyone has a dream to strive for the better things in life. The poor men and women wishing to be their own bosses, and actually have stability in their lives, the poor wanted to have in that location own homes and have a nice family. But in the 1930s at that place werent more or even any jobs available for the average everyday people of America.The American dream was for everyone to have a dream, the dream was created in t he 1930s America, and the great depression was caused by the Wall Street adjourn, because of the crash many people had lost at that place jobs and were unemployed, any money that would have been saved in there banks, it wasnt possible for them to take it out because of the wall street crash, the entire ban family lineg system had collapsed and a enormous number of banks went bust. there where many people staving and illnesses started to flood through out America.The only jobs that people could procure where at ranches so there where many migrant farmers going to farm to farm sieveing to get word a job, it was very competitive for them to get a job because every one wanted to relieve oneself money so the could fill them selfs in the conviction of the great depression there was a big drought which caused a lot of farms to dry up. All the useable ranches where you could actually get some crops out of where in California. Many rich people had ranches in California so every one whos ranches where dried out and couldnt be used they would go to California, but non every one would have got a place because of the overcrowdings.In the story of mice and men the devil men are also migrant farmers and are in need of a job at a ranch, this is how the of mice and men is linked to the great depression. George and Lennie. The carnal knowledgeship between George and Lennie is like a father and son relation ship, in the story lennie is represented like a child because of his disabilities and how he acts. In the story George is ever sex act off lennie for any thing bad which he does, a quote to represent George telling off lennie is, Aw, lennie George put his hand on Lennies shoulder , I aint taking it for meanness. This is wake two things one which is that hes telling off lennie for something bad what he has done and that at the time of telling him off hes actually being nice and saying he doesnt do it for meanness, just like a father would do. Lennie treats Georg e like a father by forever listening to him, in the story lennie mimics Georges moves, a quote showing this is, Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly. He pushed himself back, drew up his knees, embraced them, and looked over to George to see whether he had it just right.This shows that George treats Lennie in a father perspective and thinks of him as a role model. George also gets Frustrated over Lennie when he doesnt listen and does bad gourmandize a quote showing this is, But not us An why? Because because I got you to look after me and you got me to look after you. This is showing that if he didnt have to look after Lennie he would have a better life and George could go to a cat house when ever he wanted to and spend all his money unlike now when he has to save it up for the both of them and try and fulfil there dream as best as possible.Why George keeps Lennie around is because he doesnt want to be lonely and live his life like all the other(a) migrant farme rs which go to cat houses and spend there earned money on useless money, a quote showing this is, they come to a ranch an work up a stake and then go into townsfolk and blow their stake, and the next thing you know theyre pounding their tail on some other ranch. The quote is showing that other migrant farmers spend all there earning but George has a primer coat to earn money, the reason being lennie.George likes to have lennie around a quote showing this is. its a lot nicer to go around with a guy you know. The quote was when George was talking to slim and took out his tactile propertyings. George and Lennies dream is to have a house and land and to have many farm animals especially lennie he is rattling interested in having lots of rabbits to course and chickens, a quote to show this dream is All kins a vegetables in the garden, and if we want a little whisky we can sell a few eggs or something, or some milk. Wed jus live there. Wed belong there.There wouldnt be no more runn in round the country and gettin fed by a piquance cook. This quote shows that George and lennie want to be free to have what they want when they want, there is no hustle of doing anything they can grow fresh vegetables on the land run around on the fields enjoying themselves and lennie can tend the rabbits which he would be pleased about. As this would be relevant to the 1930s migrant farmers, George and lennie were alone and didnt have any one to talk to and were quite lonely, a quote to show this is but not us Because..because I got you to look after me , and you got me to look after you and thats why this quote shows that George and lennie were in concert to look after each other referring to the 1930s many people didnt travel in concert and didnt have the right people to go to if something happened in their lives, referring to the book of mice and men George is always looking after lennie and having to care and see what he is doing where ever he goes, George is a good parent t o a lennie he sometimes can get frustrated with lennie but at the same time he doest want to be lonely as he keeps him company.And the interactions he makes towards lennie to make him understand what he is doing. George and Lennies dream didnt succeed because Lennie was getting into to much trouble, like the time in weed when he started to feel that girls dress, a quote showing the time when Lennie got in trouble was, well, he seen this girl in a red dress. Dumb bastard like he is, he wants to touch ever thing he likes. Just wants to feel it. This quote shows George getting into trouble because he of his child like behaviour.

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics

It is quite arouse to note that, academic research in business moral philosophy was a totally distinct take aim from research in corporate ecesis, and the application of the word ethics was uncommon in available research on corporate governance. The chief responsibility of corporate governance was understood to be safeguarding the benefits of the shareholders.Because of the severance between self-possession and forethought, and the incapability of the independent owners to supervise the performances of those managers, a possibility was available for vital strategic decisions to be taken which would opportune for the managers to a more larger extent compared to the owners. For example, takeovers not related to the organizations core competence resultant role in a bigger corporation, however, it does not result in a more useful participation all the time.Certainly, research has proved that exceedingly change magnitude extent of isolated diversification normally resulted in lower profits. ( collective brass section and moral philosophy) Till the great part of 1990s, nevertheless, remuneration of executives was normally settled to a greater degree by the magnitude of the company compared to by what profits the company is earning. Therefore, unconnected takeovers get out openly and instantly be advantageous for the upper-level managers, however may really be unfavorable in case of the transportholders.In the latter part of 1980s and initial stages of 1990s, when numerous mid and lower be employees in America were trimmed down, huge remuneration of the CEOs and the application of other methods which exclusively are advantageous to top level managers started to be talked about in greater detail and also in non-business intelligence information publications. horizontal in this present era, Fortune, Business Week, and The Wall Street Journal report about the each year surveys of remuneration of CEOs and bonuses.The matters which are normally implica ted as the active crusade of the shareholder which started during the 1990s, which culminated in increased appreciation on the part of the investors regarding good corporate governance. In case the citizens might lose arrogance in the business due to extensive substandard corporate governance, the outcome could be that the common investor will search for scope other than the stock market. Episodes, in the bygone few years have displayed that an human beings has been found about a deep bonding between business ethics and corporate governance.The activities of a companys top executives impact the lives of several people, not entirely shareholders. The arena of corporate governance is appreciating that it is stakeholders, not merely shareholders, whose privileges should be safeguarded. (Corporate Governance and Ethics) The position of U. S. corporations was a vital point in time in which a growing amount of scams have impaired their standing as socially accountable entities. (Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) The Enron debacle has impacted not just the assets of its shareholders, but also even the fate of its staff, and also the Houston union in which it was situated.The domino effects of Enron, Arthur Andersen, Tyco, and other scandals at high places are witnessed presently in the stock market, our country and the employment prospects of our smart graduates passing out of colleges, and maybe the most enduring in its evil in public skepticism, disbelief, and antipathy with the business community. (Corporate Governance and Ethics) The trust among investors was at its nadir, leading in long-lived confusion in the financial markets and a smothering of economic turnaround. Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) substantial sums of invested monies vanished because of accusations of misappropriation at the corporate level and misuse at the internal level.The accusations of scams and a broad judging of doubt and indecision were unswervingly hind ering the capability of enterprises to fight, create accented jobs and better our economy. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct) Overseas investors were taking a cautious approach prior to feeling original that their investments are secure with the U. S. companies. (Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) The question remains whether an encouraging result is present of these latest episodes.Efficient corporate governance is something which is based on a fundamental set of ethical principles which bakshis the actions of the company, regarding the decision to launch a new product or collect new capital. It sets up a scaffold for efficiently evaluating risk and ensureing out and preventing scam and misuse by the internal employees of the corporate.I believe that some of the encouraging results of these latest episodes are which the common American is very aware in the present era regarding corporate governance -although the word is not used by them. I deliberate that we will be witnessing that in the coming years, communities will expect ethical behavior from companies, be mulish that corporate governance show the commendable values of the company, and that the society reward the people who are idols of virtuousness and penalize those who flout their wishes.Moreover, I expect that each one of is more aware that ethics is an extremely compelling component of any business proportion. (Corporate Governance and Ethics) There is a universal consensus by the concern, regulators, and investor regarding the need of a heightened importance on ethics and a better examination of business governance. Endeavors are presently concentrated on developing organizational structures and a legal structure of confirmation and maintaining equilibrium, which are just, ethical, although typified by economic competence.Understanding the enlarged urgency for modifiable way practices and governance systems to bring back arrogance in the securiti es market, the U. S. Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Through the provisions of the Act, it was made compulsory for setting up of fall in corporate Board of Directors, establishment of independent audit and nomination committees, and solving of disagreement of interest among the management and other stakeholders in firms, denotes necessity of separate auditors, and accords more rigorous accounting information disclosure norms. latest and proposed Securities and Exchange Commission rules are there, national stock exchange listing needs, and crossways the board fresh acts that passed by both founts of Congress, accented by President Bush, baseing new structures for the governance of the accounting effort as also enticement to manage deception in the shape of strict punishments for corporate delinquency.Even though these needs are mostly aimed at publicly traded businesses and other government controlled industries, these novel regulations must(prenominal) cause management and Boards of Directors, regardless of public or privately held businesses to heed to the demand for corporate mend earnestly by setting up or once again finding out their formula of ethics of the company. Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct) The indecisive efficacy of any fresh regulatory code its possible expenses of implementation, and the restrictions of automatic remedial market mechanisms, call for building of institutions which ease the recognition and execution of the law efficiently and in planned fortitude.These types of institutions must even suggest pioneering governance practices and build increasing apparent and easily supervised codes of ethics together with stringent disclosure needs. Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) Return on equity is very crucial, but at the same time do business without restoring to short-cuts is also important. Shareholders activism is important, but at the same time eagerness by the sharehol ders to allow management to perform its duty is also vital. Cautious notice to firm rules and methods is valuable, but concurrently is the capability to be resilient and keen to change long-standing regulations and processes.Permitting a company to gain from the network of acquaintances of staff is vital, however side by side is averting of circumstances wherein people believe that the companys decisions are arrived not on the merits, quite depending on the basis of contacts. (Ethics and Corporate Governance Is There One Best Way? ) Every profitable enterprise wants to flourish and therefore require skilled senior management. But skilled management never implies that that sole decisive factor is awareness regarding the functioning of the business and the capability to augment earnings, growth and profits. able management must even instill a custom of truthfulness and ethical conduct. The Board of Directors and management must fix a right ethical pretext in case of every employee, a cross the hierarchy of the organization. An efficient code of ethics or code of conduct is something which is espoused by the Board of Directors and routinely evaluated and reinstated by the Board. A Code of Ethics must fix the values of the company like the leadership, responsibility, honesty, and inscription and it is not the end of it. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct)In case of beginners, codes of conduct must deal with working conditions, personnel enrichment and training, and disagreements of interest. In order to be genuinely effectual, a code of ethics must be included into employee training across the company and used as an instrument for assisting actor feeling on expected conduct. It must be supervised at every stage to find out if the ideals are really executed across the company. A lot of companies with ethics programs have persisted to uphold hue legal cost for litigation based on unethical conduct of its employees due to gaps in super vising and implementing an ethical code of conduct.The ongoing engagement of every staff as also operate by Board members must partly be resolved by every person espousing, enforcing and behaving themselves as per a suitable ethical code of conduct. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct) To conclude, corporate governance guidelines and ethics are developing fast. Investors are calling for increased standards as also other stakeholders. Those companies who do not possess appropriate corporate governance and ethics processes endanger themselves to serious harm to their standing, reprehensible/ legal action and authoritarian punishments.

The Lake of Isle of Innisfree

The Lake Of Isle Of Innis de full of livingr is about a person who wants to have a different vivification in Innisfree and to relax in his life before. The first stanza is telling the readers that the main voice wants to be free and leaves the annoying things behind his head and be free. The first decry starts with I testament arise and go now, and go to Innisfree. Its viewing the readers that he is keen to go to Innisfree and is firm to go away. The next sentence small cabin is display that his life is easy and doesnt need luxury or any other dear things. The two last sentences in the stanza are showing how fun he will live in Innisfree. Bean Rows, honey bee, and bee-loud glade. All show that he will have peacefulness here and live the way he wants here. This stanza shows just how determined he wants to go to Innisfree, how peaceful he will be here, and how relaxed he will be here. The next stanza shows how the main character will live in Innisfree, and is comparing to t he life before he was in Innisfree. The second stanza starts with And I shall have well-nigh peace there for peace comes dropping slow. Its using a metaphor saying that his life is easy and innocent. Showing that the life in Innisfree is peaceful and quiet.The next sentence cricket sings tells the readers that it isnt screaky in Innisfree, its quiet, peaceful and a natural sound. Purple glow. In the third sentence is showing the readers that Innisfree view is also beautiful in its view not just sound. The last sentence of the stanza is showing the difference between Innisfrees views of night and day. This stanza is shows just how beautiful Innisfree is between night and day its also comparing between the views of his life before. The last stanza is like the first stanza, the main character is determined to go to Innisfree.It starts with I will arise and go now, for always night and day. Means that the main character doesnt care how tired how far it will be to Innisfree he wont care. He just wants to go there. The next 3 sentences are all comparing to the life before he was. This stanza is comparing how he lived before and now. Its also comparing to how determined he is to go to Innisfree. This verse is about a person who has a bored life before and wants to have a freshly life in Innisfree. The storys main idea is to relax and have a simple life. Its also means that money isnt everything.

Employment Law Essay

Early this year, there are reports that the number of employees c totallying in sick has risen to staggering levels. According to an absence seizure seizure prudence company, there are roughly 3. 6 million employees who called in sick the first week of January (Pitcher, 2008). The linked Kingdom ranked as second as having the most number of employees with long term complaint in a survey conducted by the European Community (Tehrani and Rainbird, 2005).The level of absence for UK was 27. 2% as against an average of 16. % of the European Union (Tehrani and Rainbird, 2005). An approximate figure of 14. 1 million days were lost to tenor and anxiety in 2001 (Tehrani and Rainbird, 2005). Absences due to stress and mental problems significantly affect both the employer and the employees. This matter evidently has been taken for granted and unaddressed for sometime until the enactment of the deadening Discrimination move 1995 (DDA), involvement Act 2002, practice session Rights Ac t 1996, and the Health and precaution at Work etc Act 1974.This paper shall show the bearing by which the pertinent provisions of these pieces of legislation are applied to a hypothetical miscue and it shall as well as hear to identify and explain the remedies of an employee in case of violation of the provisions. DisabilitySickness Absence The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines damage as one having a physical or mental mischief which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out design day-to-day activities (Section 1(1), Part 1, DDA 1995).The Industrial judgeship has applied the definition to the different cases brought before it. For instance, in the case of Greenwood v. United Tiles restrict the employee concerned was wo(e) from diabetes and was held to be disabled by the courtyard (Greenwood v. United Tiles express 1101067/97/C). In the case of ONeil v Symm & Company Limited, the Tribunal considered ME or chronic frighten away syndrome as a disability (ONeil v Symm & Company Limited, 2700054/97).Even abdominal pains which had no medical exam diagnosis with prise to its origin was declared as a disability by the Tribunal in the case of Howden v Capital Copiers (Edinburgh) Limited (400005/97) (Thompsons Solicitors t go forth site, 2007). Anent mental disability, Walton v LI Group Limited case involved an employee who had learning difficulties. The Tribunal ruled that the employee is considered disabled under the DDA basing its conclusion on the protection evidence of the employees parents and the fact that the employee was receiving disability living allowance (Walton v LI Group Limited, 1600562/97).The change magnitude awareness for mental wellness and issues associated with it has accelerated in time, clinical depression is in fact already considered as a disability. Clinical depression is a common mood dis coiffure in psychological science and psychiatry in which a persons enjoyment of life and abil ity to function socially and in day-to-day matters is disrupted by intense sadness, melancholia, numbness or despair (Farlex Free mental lexicon web site, n. d. ).In the recent appealed case of OHanlon v Commissioners for HM Revenue & Customs, the utilisation greet Tribunal ruled that clinical depression is considered a disability and therefore falls within the coverage of the DDA 1995 OHanlon v Commissioners for HM Revenue & Customs (2007) EWCA Civ 283. Applying the above discussed legal principles to the progress ton hypothetical case, Vangeer has been diagnosed to be suffering from clinical depression. This was brought about by the incident when she accidentally pricked herself with a needle which she picked up while change a bus in the depot of her employer.This caused panic attacks and anxiety and for which she was given a year shoot from wee. At this juncture, it is alpha to stress that the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 requires the employers to ensure the hea lth and safety of its employees in the place of work. Towards its realization, the legal philosophy imposes upon the employer the duty to make the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are, so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health (Section 2 (2)(a), HSWA 1974).This means that snail whole step Bus Company should cave in set upd a system of work including protective gear for those who clean their buses (Health Safety Executive, 2006). In addition, the employer is alike supposed to take measures to protect their employee who whitethorn check to work considering that there is more than likelihood that the employee whitethorn be weak because of the injury or disability (Health Safety Executive, 2006). Vangeer went on illness absence for about a year. Sickness absence whitethorn be short term or long term.A long term unhealthiness absence connotes serious medical reasons such as in the case of Vangeer. Long-term absence is usua lly defined as a period of absence in excess of two weeks (Corcoran, 2006). When she returned for work, a new team leader made discriminatory remarks about her race. In hindsight, this may be considered as a violation of the Race traffic Act 1976. It may be shown that there is trail discrimination of Vangeer because she is black such as when she is treated less favourably than another (Thompsons Solicitors, n. d. ).Moreover, it may be shown that there is some form of harassment under the Race Relations Act 1976 as amended by the New Regulations of 2003 (Thompsons Solicitors, n. d. ). Harassment is broad as to include inglorious language, excessive monitoring of work, excessive criticism of someones work etc. (Thompsons Solicitors, n. d. ). It may be claimed that Vangeer suffered by because she was degraded, intimidated and her dignity violated. The violation of her dignity is subjective and the Tribunal would need to rule development the reasonableness standard (Thompsons Soli citors, n. d.In this case, the effect of Bobs conduct has caused Vangeer to go on affection absence for troika weeks more based on the recommendation of her psychiatrist. Her transfer to another team was as well suggested. Even before the period of sickness absence has lapsed, Snail Pace Bus Company was bought by irksome Coach Ltd. and Vangeer was called to a clashing about her absence. on that pointafter, she was dismissed from her employment with pay. Her passing is illegal. In intercourse to long-term sickness absence, the employer who dismisses an employee faces triple potential legal risks (Lemon & Co. 2008).Vangeer may file for a claim for below the belt dismissal, for disability discrimination and for violation of her contract of employment. It is axiomatic that there exists between the employer and the employee, a contract of employment. It is an capital of New Hampshire whereby the rights and obligations of both the employee and the employer are specified (Direct . Gov web site, 2008). When the employee accepts employment, there is an automatic contract of employment that is created regardless of whether this has been decreased into writing (Direct.Gov web site, 2008). Generally, employment contracts contain the following clauses commencement, term, job title and duties, place of work, hours of work, pay, holiday entitlement, pension, sickness absence, intellectual property, confidentiality, termination disciplinary, dismissal and grievance forces, and collective agreements(Clickdocs web site, n. d. ). The terms of employment in respect of hours of work, pay, termination of employment and other benefits are provided by the statutes.This being the case, the employer is mandated to comply with the provisions of the statutes. For instance, dismissal procedures should be notice. In the instant case, Vangeer was invited to a meeting to discuss her absence and after a day she was dismissed from employment with pay. The exercising Act 2002, Par t 3, Section 30 (1) provides that, Every contract of employment shall have effect to require the employer and employee to comply, in relation to any matter to which a statutory procedure applies, with the requirements of the procedure (EA 2002).The law requires that the employer observe the procedure in cases of dismissal as provided for under section 29, Schedule 2 Statutory fight Resolution Procedures, Chapter 1 and 2. Substantially, the employer is required by law to put into writing the good deal and acts of the employee which he led him to initiate disciplinary or dismissal steps and invite him to discuss it in a meeting. The employee must have notice and reasonable opportunity to be apprised of the same. After the meeting, the employer must state the employee of his decision and inform him of his right to appeal.Should the employee opt for an appeal, another meeting should be scheduled before the dismissal or the disciplinary penalty shall have been effective (Section 29, S chedule 2, Chapter 1, EA 2002). In the instant case, Vangeer apparently may have been given an unfairly short notice and was not informed of her right of appeal if she was not satisfied with the decision. In retrospect, the jurisdiction over wrongful dismissal cases were lodged in courts until 1994 when jurisdiction was given to the Employment Tribunals which were authorised to grant only up to GBP25,000 (British Employment web site, 2007).A contrary rule is sight with respect to unfair dismissals and discrimination cases, where the courts can award greater amounts of monetary damages. Wrongful dismissal results when employer fails to give the employee notice in accordance with the employment contract and without appropriate pay (British Employment web site, 2007). It has been observed though that it is better for the employee to sue if the contract provides a fairly long notice period (British Employment web site, 2007).Monetary damages in these cases are computed based on the amo unt of loss in terms of compensation and other benefits. Unfair dismissal occurs when the employee is terminated from employment and the employer in doing so had no valid and justifiable reason (Direct. gov web site, 2008). The Employment Rights Act 1996, specifically Part X sections 111 to 132 provide for the remedies in case of unfair dismissal. In a nutshell, there are three options an order for reinstatement, an order for re-engagement or an order for compensation.Reinstatement is when the Tribunal orders the employer to put the employee back to work with the same position and assigned tasks. There is re-engagement when the employee is placed back to work with a new post and tasks but under the same employer ((British Employment web site, 2007). In cases where the Tribunal issues an order for reinstatement or re-engagement, it cannot also order compensation Wilson (HM Inspector of Taxes) v Clayton (2003) EWCA Civ 1657. In the instant case, Vangeer was unlawfully dismissed becaus e of her long absence.The Employment Rights Act 1996 provide for the employers responsibilities in case sickness absence and dismissal are due to ill-health (Mace & Jones web site, 2007). Bad health may be considered a good basis for dismissal of an employee because it affects the ability and capacity of the employee to perform his assigned duties and tasks. The law mandates that in order for a dismissal based on ill-health can be considered as fair, the employer must observe and comply with the legal requirements (Mace & Jones web site, 2007).The employee must be given the reasonable opportunity to feel and return to work before they can be dismissed (Lemon & Co. web site, 2008). In the instant case, Snail Pace Bus Company gave Vangeer about a year to recover from her clinical depression. A return to work syllabus was drawn up for her. Her relapse was instigated by her new manager. She was given a three week off from work and before the lapse of that time she was dismissed after the discussion with Slow Coach Ltd. Vangeer apparently was not given a reasonable opportunity to even use her three week off when in fact, the relapse was caused by management.However, it should be pointed out that not in all cases shall the employer be nonimmune even if he partly or wholly was responsible for the folly of the employee. In the case of McAdie v Royal Bank of Scotland 2007 EWCA Civ 806, the Employment Appeal Tribunal reversed the decision of the Employment Tribunal when it ruled that the dismissal was justified even if the employer, partly or wholly caused the employees incapacity because based on the medical evidence obtained there was no prospect of the employee returning to work McAdie v Royal Bank of Scotland (2007) EWCA Civ 806.Another requirement would be is for the employer to seek evidence of the medical status of the illness of the employee. The employer must request for medical reports from the employees physician upon the authorisation of the former (Lemo n & Co. web site, 2008). The employer may also request for the examination of the employee by the employers own physician. The meeting should be for purposes of assessing the current medical state, the quick medical advice and medical evidence. In the case of Vangeer, Slow Coach Ltd. ailed to request the medical reports from her physician.Moreover, the employee must be consulted through a series of meetings for purposes of exploring ways and issues for alternative options and reasonable adjustments (Lemon & Co. web site, 2008). Albeit, there is one meeting conducted with Vangeer, no exhaustive discussion seemed to have been made. Finally, The employer must consider the possibility of making adjustments to the working purlieu in order to permit the employee to return to work (Lemon & Co. eb site, 2008).When Vangeer was ill the first time, the employer made a programme which allowed her to start work late and go home early. However in the case of relapse, the suggestion that she be re-assigned to a different team was not deliberated upon and carried out by Slow Coach Ltd. It is the responsibility of the employer to seek and accept suggestions from the employee on how she can work when she returns.In a complaint for unfair dismissal, the Employment Tribunal shall take the following factors into consideration nature of the employees illness, the likely duration of the illness, the nature of the job, the needs of the employer, the employees length of service, the type (and amount) of sick pay paid to the employee and alternative employment (Lemon & Co. web site, 2008). The most important factor that will be considered is whether the employer took measures in gathering information and ascertaining medical reports from which he would base a fair and reasonable conclusion and decision.There must be recent, comprehensive and competent medical findings (Direct. gov web site, 2008). He must also comply with the procedures in dismissing an employee in accordance with th e Employment Act 2002 and the Dispute Regulations 2004 (Direct. gov web site, 2008). Failure to follow the statutory minimum dismissal and disciplinary procedure shall make him liable to a minimum basic award of 4 weeks pay. Furthermore, any compensation awarded by an Employment Tribunal may increase by 10-50% (Direct. gov web site, 2008). There is no note between sickness absence and disability.In the case of Clark v Novacold (18901661/97) the Industrial Tribunal concluded that there should be no distinction between the two, and dismissal for sickness absence does in fact relate to the disability and accordingly is prima(predicate) facie unlawful (Thompsons Solicitors web site, 1997). According to Solicitor Michael Corcoran, if the disability is the cause of the long term sickness absence and the employee was in fact dismissed, such dismissal is tantamount to discrimination unless it is shown that dismissal is justifiable (Corcoran, 2006).The lack of cognition of Slow Coach Ltd. may have on the disability would be irrelevant and immaterial to the issue of whether Vangeer was treated less favourably (Corcoran, 2006). Under Section 20 of the Discrimination Disability Act 1995, direct discrimination is committed when the employee is treated less favourably than another not suffering from such disability and that such treatment is by reason of the employees disability (DDA 2005).Moreover, the employer shall also be liable if he failed to make reasonable adjustments so that the disabled employee can continue his or her employment (HSE, n. d. ). The law requires that the employer go an extra mile for the disabled employee, albeit the law does not set parameters of its extent. However, case law has laid agglomerate legal principles based on each of the precedent-setting case (HSE, n. d. ).