How does Shakespeare present love through Romeo and Juliet and a selection of his sonnets Essays

How does Shakespeare present love through Romeo and Juliet and a selection of his sonnets Essays How does Shakespeare present love through Romeo and Juliet and a selection of his sonnets Paper How does Shakespeare present love through Romeo and Juliet and a selection of his sonnets Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare presents love as a polarizing force through both Romeo and Juliet and a selection of his sonnets. Unrequited and courtly, it evokes feelings of great anguish yet when reciprocated and true, brings great joy, albeit in fleeting moments. Spiritual love can evolve into a pure entity, transcending physical attraction and even death – also allowing the protagonists of the play to transcend the bitter feud of their families. Shakespeare first presents the idea of unrequited love in Romeo and Juliet as being afflictive and filled with despair – Romeo is a typical Petrarchan, courtly lover in Act 1 Scene 1; his feelings of love have not been reciprocated by Rosaline, and this causes him to dwell on his emotional torment. Romeo shuts himself in his room and ‘makes himself an artificial night’, he isolates himself in complete darkness to represent his state of deep depression and suffering. He uses the exaggerated cliches of typical Petrarchan poetry to illustrate his suffering, for example â€Å"Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health†. Here, the lightness of the feather could represent the lightness one feels during love, contrasting with the heaviness of lead, to represent how unrequited love causes a heavy heart. Romeo uses these oxymorons to blend the joys of love with the emotional anguish of unrequited love and also to demonstrate his mixed emotions felt for Rosaline. These descriptions additionally show us that most of his understanding of love has been taken from the typical courtly/ Petrarchan love they are filled with the feelings of great torment usually accompanied with this type of love. Courtly love is an idealized, infatuated form of love in which a courtier devotes himself to an unattainable woman (usually married). Romeo’s use of traditional Petrarchan cliches portray him as a young, inexperienced lover who is more fixated on the concept of love depicted in Petrarchan poetry, rather than actually being in love. The Elizabethan audience Romeo and Juliet would have been performed to would have been very aware of the idea of courtly/ Petrarchan love in poetry, as they were heavily exposed to the poetry of Sir Thomas Wyatt and Sir Philip Sidney. Unrequited love that causes torment and great suffering is similarly explored in Sonnet 28. In the poem, the speaker personifies day and night as forces that, though usually are at odds with one another, work together to â€Å"oppress† him. They â€Å"shake hands† – usually the oppression brought by the toils of day would be â€Å"eas’d by night†, in that the speaker could rest but he complains that this is not the case as he is plagued by thoughts of how far away he remains from his love. The speaker hopes the ‘oppression’ of day and night may be stopped with flattery. â€Å"Thou art bright and dost him grace when clouds do blot the heaven† – the speaker’s object of affection is ‘bright’; when it is cloudy his beloved takes the place of the sun so day can be just as beautiful. He also flatters the night with ‘when sparkling stars twire not, though gild’st the even’ – again ‘thou’ refers to the beloved of the speaker (the fair youth), who shines to make the night beautiful when the stars ‘twire not’. Because of the misery felt by the speaker in Sonnet 28 during both day and night, he can be linked to Romeo in Act 1 Scene 1, who similarly suffers the torment of his unrequited love during both day and night. Romeo suffers from ‘still-waking sleep’ and we learn from Benvolio and Lord Montague that he walks the streets of Verona â€Å"an hour before the woshipp’d sun peer’d forth from the golden window of the east†, â€Å"with tears augmenting the morning’s dew†. Thus, like the speaker in Sonnet 28, Romeo finds no rest or relief from his suffering at night. The use of the opposites of day and night in Sonnet 28 also links to the oxymorons used by Romeo in Act 1 Scene 1; the contrasts used by the speaker and Romeo again highlight their mixed emotions and distressed state of mind. The love between Romeo and Juliet is presented as being spiritual and sacred, highly contrasting with Romeo’s past infatuation for Rosaline. Romeo and Juliet’s entire first conversation is an intertwined fourteen line sonnet in which they develop a complicated religious metaphor. The sonnet is typically associated with the theme of love; it is clear that the pair are falling in love but also the rigid, ‘flawless’ form of a sonnet suggests their shared love will be perfect. The fact that Romeo and Juliet share the sonnet is significant, as their love is shared, contrasting with unrequited love Romeo had for Rosaline at the beginning of the play, and also contradicting the love described in typical Petrarchan sonnets. Shakespeare also presents the love between Romeo and Juliet as spiritual and sacred, through the use of the extended metaphor in the shared sonnet. However before the shared sonnet, Romeo notices her from a distance and describes her using light images which suggest the physical attraction felt for her, for example ‘she doth teach the torches to burn bright! ’ Rosaline was always associated with dark imagery, but throughout the play Juliet is always portrayed in light, white images, suggesting her purity but also the fact that she shall bring Romeo out of his darkness of courtly love and teach him to love profoundly. These contrasts of light and dark imagery are further explored when he compares Juliet to a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear† upon seeing her from across the ballroom. ‘Rich jewel’ obviously signifies that she is precious and he imagines Juliet shining out against darkness. Darkness is an important aspect of their love, as they can only be together when the day is over. Romeo’s contrasts of Juliet against dark images could signify that her beauty contrasts with and stands out against the darkness of the night they meet in. During the sonnet, Romeo compares Juliet to a ‘holy shrine’ and his lips to ‘two blushing pilgrims’; the use of ‘holy shrine’ illustrates that Romeo’s love for Juliet is elevated, but also the religious metaphor and the purity of the sonnet shows that their love is sacred. The religious overtones associate their love with purity and sacredness, transcending the physical attraction experienced when they first meet. The fact that the sonnet so naturally fits into the dialogue of the scene highlights the compatibility of the two– they speak in shared verse, complementing each other to create a fixed meter and rhyme scheme. There may also be a darker purpose to Shakespeare’s use of the sonnet form here. It echoes the opening sonnet, reminding the audience that Romeo and Juliet are ‘star cross’d lovers’ and doomed to a tragic fate. Shakespeare also explores a true, pure love in Sonnet 116. Shakespeare infuses marital language to demonstrate a true love; traditional marriage vows are echoed in the word ‘impediment’ and in his choice to describe true love as a ‘marriage’ of true minds. Although there is some ambiguity in whether the sonnet is describing a platonic or romantic love, the use of the word ‘alter’ could also suggest a wedding altar – again infusing marital language, suggesting that the love implied is romantic. The quote ‘the marriage of true minds’ itself, suggests the joining together of two compatible intellects, associating with the compatibility of Romeo and Juliet where their shared sonnet seems to fit their dialogue naturally. Spiritual love is also explored in Sonnet 116, presented through Shakespeare’s choice to use the word ‘minds’ rather than a physical image (such as bodies), implying that the love described supersedes physical attraction to a spiritual level. By describing love using ‘star’, it implies that it is celestial; further illustrating that the love presented is spiritual. The power of love and its ability to transcend even death is also explored in both Sonnet 116 and Romeo and Juliet. Some words of the sonnet are repeated, for example ‘alter’ and ‘alteration, and ‘remover’ and ‘remove’; these specific words again highlight that true love is spiritual as beauty may fade but this true love does not. However, these words also suggest that love is unchanging and eternal. The repetition emphasises that love has a sense of constancy (it is everlasting), which links to the end of Romeo and Juliet, where Romeo say’s â€Å"Thus with a kiss I die† and Juliet mirrors with â€Å"I will kiss thy lips; Haply, some poison yet doth hang on them†. Their love is perpetual their love which birthed with a kiss now ends with one. Love outlasting death in both Sonnet 116 and Romeo and Juliet again presents love as being eternal and everlasting. For example, in Romeo and Juliet in Act 5 Scene 3, Romeo says â€Å"Shall I believe that unsubstantial death is amorous†; he asks this bitterly, believing that Juliet is so beautiful that death has preserved her to be deaths own lover, suggesting that Juliet – along with her love for Romeo – lives on after death. The audience is aware that Romeo is seeing the physical signs of Juliets recovery from drug-induced sleep – it is ironic that his attraction to her even in death encourages him to press onward with his own suicide, just as she is about to awaken. Throughout this scene, death becomes an act of love for Romeo, as he thinks that suicide will allow him to be reunited with Juliet. Shakespeare also demonstrates the true love having the ability to transcend death in Sonnet 116 through ‘but bears it out to the edge of doom’, with ‘doom’ referring to doomsday. Here, love can stand the width of time and does not change appearance or position, thus suggesting everlasting love can overcome even death. Shakespeare uses language associated with extremes to show the power of love, confirming love as a positive force that triumphs over the prospect of doom. As Romeo and Juliet are the only two characters in the entirety of the play that can dismiss their families’ feud, it implies the power of their love. Love is also shown to empower Juliet as her language and actions are quite forward and mature. While love seems to bring out Romeo’s rash nature and resulting naivety, Juliet (in contrast) appears mature for her years. She encourages him to make the first move when she says ‘Saints do not move; though grant for prayer’ meaning that saints (usually as they are represented by statues) do not move, but she could also be referencing the other meaning of the word ‘move’ (to start something) suggesting her reluctance to make the first move, but also hinting that his ‘prayer’ is likely to be granted, encouraging him to kiss her. This is surprising for the era as in Shakespeare’s day women were subservient to men; the man would always be dominant in the relationship. Juliet’s forwardness demonstrates how she defies common convention and her maturity as a lover, but also how her love for Romeo empowers her. Shakespeare demonstrates how the themes of love and hate are inextricably linked in his presentation of how Romeo and Juliet seem to never be able to escape the feud between their families. At the very beginning of the play, we see a fight between servants of the Montagues and the Capulets in the streets of Verona, revealing how the conflict between the two families has infiltrated every layer of society; from the servants to the lords. Romeo and Juliet are the only two characters that can dismiss the feud, highlighting the fact that their shared love is unchanging and true. For example, in Act 2 Scene 2, Juliet says â€Å"That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet; so Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d†; she tells Romeo that a name is a meaningless convention and refuses to believe that Romeo is defined by his name, therefore implying that the two can love each other without fear of the social repercussions. However, earlier on in the play, Tybalt says â€Å"talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. † This again shows the bitterness of the hate between the Montagues and the Capulets; he suggests the two families will never achieve peace. However the feuding between the Montagues and the Capulets, both families belonging to aristocracy, was not seen as something uncommon by the Elizabethan audience. The upper classes were notorious for fighting each other in order to increase their economic and social influence. Clashes of supporters of two households in the streets of the city were often seen during Elizabeth’s reign – the authorites obviously did not approve and Prince Escalus’ appearance and speech in the first scene was common to Shakespeares audience. The themes of love and hate being linked is further presented throughout Romeo and Juliet, where scenes of love between the ‘star-cross’d lovers’ are often followed by scenes of hate and violence. For example in Act 2 Scene 4 (the scene before the marriage of Romeo and Juliet) Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, challenges Romeo to fight a duel with him; no other characters but the lovers can dismiss the feud, also illustrating that their love is true and sincere. Shakespeare also presents strong themes of erotic love and lust in both Romeo and Juliet and Sonnet 128 as being more associated with infatuation than true, romantic love. We see that in Romeo and Juliet, many characters perceive love in terms of sexual conquest rather than affection. For example, Juliet’s nurse’s seems to associate marriage with sexual intercourse and having children and this is shown when she quotes her husband â€Å"thou wilt fall backwards when thou com’st to age† after Juliet had fallen over when she was younger. This suggests that she sees sex as the main aspect of marriage. This is further highlighted in the quote â€Å"women grow by men†, referring to Juliet’s potential coupling with Paris and the way she will increase her social status in marrying him. Alternatively, the nurse may be suggesting the literal consequences of sex – pregnancy – linking to her previous ideas about sex and child bearing being the predominant factor in marriage, rather than love. Similar ideas are evident in the attitude of Mercutio, where he advises Romeo to sexually conquer other women to move on from Rosaline, shown in the quote â€Å"prick love for pricking†. Here, the image of a rose is used ironically; the image is traditionally affiliated with romantic love, highlighting Mercutio’s crudeness and the way in which he objectifies women. His views may derive from the fact that the women of Shakespeare’s day had very little ascendency and were viewed as beneath men in social hierarchy; they were considered property and often viewed as objects for men to sexually possess. Ideas about erotic love are also explored in Sonnet 128, where Shakespeare describes the act of the ‘dark lady’ playing a virginal using many sexual innuendoes, implying his lust for her. ‘I envy those jacks that nimble leap, to kiss the tender inward of thy hand’ expresses his desire to physically possess his mistress, ‘the dark lady’; he is jealous that the keys get to touch his lady’s fingers, emphasizing his longing to be intimate with her. With thy sweet fingers when thou gently swayst’ demonstrates the soft way in which his mistress plays the virginal; the speaker is jealous of his mistress touching the instrument rather than him and fantasizes about kissing the woman in the same tender, controlling manner that she uses when playing. The speaker’s desire to be physically intimate with his mistress is also highlighted in the quote ‘At the woods boldness by thee blushing stand! referencing how he ‘blushes’ at the key’s braveness in jumping up and touching the ‘dark lady’s’ hands. Alternatively, the ‘wood’s boldness could connote a man’s erection – thus illustrating the speaker’s sexual lust towards her. The image of a man’s erection is further suggested in the next line ‘To be so tickled, they would change their state’, however this line may also be referring to the speaker’s lips, which if were to be ‘tickled’ like those keys are, would gladly be transformed into wood and change places with the keys. The use of imagery to represent the male genitalia can further be linked back to Mercutio when he taunts Romeo about Rosaline in the quote â€Å"Now will he sit under a medlar tree, and wish his mistress were that kind of fruit as maids call medlars†. A medlar is a small, round fruit with an apricot-like cleft that opens up when ripe and ready to eat; Mercutio equates this with the female genitalia, which remain closed until said lady is ready to ‘open up’, further highlighting his crudeness and how he reduces love to sex. Mercutio says that Romeo wants to be around ‘medlars’ and that he wishes Rosaline was like a medlar (ripe and ready to ‘open up’), demonstrating his ideas about love, in relation to them being purely sexual. Mercutio furthers the sexual imagery with open et caetera (in Shakespearian English this refers to the ‘open’ female genitalia), and â€Å"poperin pear†, referring to the male genitalia, but also possibly sounding like â€Å"pop her in†; Mercutio wants Romeo to engage in sexual relations with Rosaline. Structurally, this passage of speech highlights Romeo’s maturity and the difference in his perceptions of love, in comparison to Mercutio’s objectification of women. It features in Act 2 Scene 1, directly in between the scene in which Romeo and Juliet meet and fall in love and the famous balcony scene, Act 2 Scene 2, in which their love is further developed. Mercutio’s use of crude language again emphasizes how lust in Romeo and Juliet is presented as being a form of infatuation, in comparison to a true, spiritual love.

Breast Milk Substitutes Ethical Issue

Breast Milk Substitutes Ethical Issue Issue The ethical issue here is whether formula-milk companies such as Nestle are committing an offense by pressing for their products to be bought and substituted for breast milk.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Milk Substitutes Ethical Issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rule In order to emphasize the significance of breast-feeding, the World Health Organization (WHO) came up with the International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes in 1981. The Code, together with other decrees, advocates for the control on the advertising of breast milk substitutes. This is aimed at encouraging mothers to breastfeed their babies and avoids improper use of the substitutes, for example, infant formula. The elements of the Code prevent companies from advertising breast milk substitutes that have an effect on mothers, health workers, and health care systems. In addition, labels on the products must uphold the impo rtance of breast milk. Some key points of the Code include prohibition of the advertising of the products in hospitals, shops, or to the public, prohibition of giving free samples to mothers and health workers, and prohibition of giving inaccurate information. The Code has made exceptions allowing nations to implement it fully or partially as part of their own law. Therefore, the International Code is only legally enforceable when it has been incorporated into the law of a country. Application/ Analysis Nestle has been implicated to be involving in less-than-perfect practices concerning the marketing of their breast milk substitute products, especially in developing countries such as Bangladesh. In 1977, campaigners called for an International boycott of Nestle’s products because of this practice. This prompted the enactment of the International Code. Despite the passing of the Code, campaigners are still flagging up the boycott. They claim that Nestle, as the market leader, and other related companies, have failed to adhere to the statutes of the Code. Analyzing the facts in light of the provisions of the Code will reveal this. The International Code, which was enshrined in Bangladesh law in 1984, stipulates that information given to mothers by the companies should be objective, stress on the relevance of breast milk, and should not refer to any brand name of a product. However, the situation is different in the country. The formula manufacturers give health workers tear-off pads featuring pictures of their products, for example, Nestle has leaflets with pictures of Lactogen. More so, they do not give any useful information on the importance of breastfeeding.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast to the elements of the code, mothers in Bangladesh are given free product samples and gifts, the companies engage in direct contact wi th the mothers, and they engage in unfair promotional strategies such as giving of discounts. The Code obliges health professionals to encourage and shield the habit of breastfeeding; however, this is not the case in Bangladesh since they prescribe breastfeeding to mothers without taking care of the future consequences. Conclusion Nestle, and other manufacturers, have violated the provisions of the International Code in developing countries such as Bangladesh. Therefore, the campaigners are right in pressing for the boycott of Nestle products that has existed for over thirty years now. The WHO should step up efforts to ensure that the companies adhere to the statutes of the Code. Finally, since Bangladesh has incorporated the Code in its law, the formula companies should not take advantage of its grey areas in supplying breast milk substitutes to the mothers in the country.

Ikea company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ikea company - Case Study Example Through an integrated marketing communication approach, a consistent message will be delivered to the customers. Being an international company IKEA should adopt a globalised approach however, because of significant impact of culture in furniture industry, localised advertisement approach will be selected. The localisation approach can create consistency problems for IKEA (Wells, Burnett, & Moriarty, 2006). To keep the consistency in message while focusing on localised approach, it will be ensured that message of the ad conveyed through different mediums has significant consistency in its content, positioning of brand and feel of the ad. Therefore, advertisements for all mediums will be developed in consideration to target market, brand positioning etc. To target the diverse customer segments the primary media for IKEA will be Television. TV advertisements can convey the mood and image of the brand to develop an emotional appeal (Belch & Belch, 2003) therefore, TV is the most suitable broadcast media. Secondly, booklets of IKEA’s products can be printed which can be distributed via direct mail to the potential customers. Moreover, these booklets can be also made available at

Management E-Commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management E-Commerce - Research Paper Example Companies appoint managers to make sure that the company is effective, meaning the degree to which the company is able to reach its defined goals. Efficiency on the other hand means amount of resources used to achieve an organizational goal. Management must ensure that they operate in an effective and efficient manner in order to compete in today’s competitive market. Management need to plan, or in other words defining goals for the future of the organization and deciding the tasks and resources that would be required in order to achieve those goals. Organizing means to allocate tasks and jobs and allocating resources amongst departments. Leading refers to the fact that they are able to motivate the employees to extract higher productivity. Lastly, controlling; it is the monitoring of employees ensuring that the organization is on track to attain the specified goals and making corrections if ever required. (Daft) There are a number of organizations in the world who succeed bas ed on their procedural management, which could be called the old school way, where boundaries are defined and the employ has to act according to the dogma of the task at hand. However, recently we have seen that various companies like Google have reached high level of success by using rather unorthodox, yet productive methods of management to avoid alienation of employees and to make the a part of the company rather than just a small cog in a big machine. Google has burst into the international market with its varied range of products and services ranging from the biggest search engine available to Google news, Google earth, maps, cellular phones and many, many more various products. Google uses an unorthodox and unconventional mode of management that is rather new to other organizations; some may call it bizarre, but at the end of the day one has to respect the fact that it earns more than $2billion cash per quarter and it is said that Google alone can finance the whole economy of America for 2 two whole days. Google has an informal slogan, â€Å"don’t be evil.† This basically expresses that at Google you are always welcomed to share ideas and their ways of doing business is open to all and there are no strings attached. They believe that these are the ways through which they can make sure that the employees are more comfortable and are able to perform to their potential in the field. As a matter of fact, Google employees are allowed to wear whatever clothes that pleases them. They have an all you can eat food counter that serves exquisite gourmet to motivate workers further. Google management believes that in order to avoid alienation, they must maintain good, informal relations with employees and also encourages employees to put forward their view and get involved in the decision making procedure since they believe that employees perform better when given importance and getting them involved in ideas enables innovation from various intellectua l minds, which at the end of the day is something Google always places very high importance to. Google management also has their very famous 20 percent rule. They say that for one whole working day an employee can work on whatever project that pleases them and as Google has ample amounts of finances, they are able to carry out their operation which thus leads to innovation. Rest of the days, they work on the project they have been assigned. This ensures effective, if

Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Essay 1. Does this case prove economic downturns and company layoffs fail to lead to workplace malfeasance? Why or why not? This case proves economic downturns and company layoffs lead to workplace malfeasance. According to dictionary.com malfeasance is the performance by a public official of an act that is legally unjustified, harmful, or contrary to law. It is also defined as wrongdoing (used especially of an act in violation of a public trust. According to the case incident â€Å"These companies often produce press releases, which then work their way into the media and presumably generate potential clients for the organizations† (Robbins Judge, 2010, pg. 35). This statement has led me to believe that companies use press releases to make their situation seem worse than it actually is in order to gain clients for their organization. 2. Does the case prove we can learn nothing from the business press? The case proves that we can learn something from the business press however we should not believe everything we read. According to the case, â€Å"MSN Money, under the headline â€Å"Businesses See Rise in Employee Theft,† reported the poll results as follows: â€Å"When asked if they had noticed a recent rise in monetary theft among employees, such as fraudulent transactions or missing cash, 18% said yes, 41% were unsure and the rest said they hadn’t† (Robbins Judge, 2010, pg. 35). However, put a different way 18% agreed that theft was up and 82% either disagreed or weren’t sure. Based on MSN Money’s report it sounds like theft really has increased however if you look at it another way most companies said they haven’t seen an increase or they just haven’t noticed a rise in theft. 3. Does this chapter provide any clues for how you can be an informed consumer of business news on OB issues? In some way’s this chapter provides clues for how you can be an informed consumer of business news on OB issues because it explains how managers stay informed. According to the text, â€Å"All managers, to some degree, collect information from outside organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media (including the internet) and talking with other people to learn of changes in the public’s tastes, what competitors may be planning, and the like† (Robbins Judge, 2010, pg. 6). 4. Some companies install surveillance equipment (cameras, computer software) to monitor their employees. Valenti Management, which owns and runs 117 Wendy’s and 17 Chili’s restaurants, has installed fingerprint scanners on all its cash registers. Do you think these measures infringe too much on individual privacy? Can a company take prevention too far? How do you strike a balance between prevention and intrusion? When you become an employee of a company you have in essence agreed to the monitoring that is taking place. Although fingerprint scanners on all cash registers sounds like pretty extreme measure it is a way for the company to be sure that the employee that is supposed to be working the register is actually the one working the register. If the company uses a clock in number such as the four digits of an employee’s social security number another employee could use that number, take money from the register and then the blame would go on the wrong person. I do believe a company can take prevention to far however, I don’t believe Valenti Management has done so in this case. Striking a balance between prevention and intrusion can be very difficult however I do believe it is possible, before a company implements a new prevention measure it should determine whether the measure is absolutely necessary to prevent employee theft.

The Tragedy of Child Abuse Essay -- Violence Against Children

Each day in the United States more than three children die as a result of child abuse (Giardino, 2010). This statistic is too high and there need to be changes to overcome this problem. As a parent you are expected to take of your children and treat them the right way. This is not always the case and children end up being abused in the home were they are supposed to feel safe. Changes need to be made to medical awareness to help keep children safe. Imagine being a child abused constantly by an adult who should be taking care of them. Instead you’re neglected, beaten, slapped, burned, or even molested. Since the advocates are the main ones performing the disservices somebody else must speak up, speak out for them. That’s where healthcare providers come in. These same children are brought to the doctor for various illnesses and checkups. Since those persons in the medical field are trained to recognize potential signs and symptoms abuse this may be the only chance of rescue for these children. There are several types of listed abuse: neglect, emotional abuse, parental substance abuse, abandonment, and exceptions. Child abuse or neglect means the physical injury or neglect, mental injury, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, or maltreatment of a child under age 18 by a person under circumstances that indicate that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened. (Giardino, 2010) â€Å"Maltreatment means an act or omission that results in circumstances in which there is reasonable cause to suspect that a child may be a child in need of aid, as described in except that for purposes of this chapter, the act or omission need not have been committe... ...Healthcare workers’ but in actuality its everyone’s job because it does take a village to raise a child. References Chancy, S. (2009); The truth about the sexual abuse of children and its aftermath. The trauma myth. New York, NY: Perseus Books Group. Chandler, M. (2010 Jul. 24). Laws on sex abuse in schools. (Retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2010/07/24/AR201007240024 2_pf.htm) Evans, M. (2010 Sept.16). The painful tradition of foot binding in China. Retrieved from http://www.pattayadailynews.com//en/2010/09/16/the-painful-tradition-of-foot- binding-in-China/ Giardino, A., & Giardino, E. (2010 Jan.27).Child abuse and neglect. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915664-print Simmons, M. T. (2011, February). [Interview with Dr. Michael Collins, Pediatrician, Pediatrics of Florence].

Kudler Fine Foods Problem Statement Essay

The following is a problem statement explaining what is currently wrong with Kudlers plans on expansion, and how they can improve these plans. Introduction After reviewing the strategic plan for Kudlers Fine Foods it is obvious there are several issues that will stunt the growth and success of the organization. The company is suffering from a lack of management and poor organization planning. The issues that will be discussed are the poorly developed expansion and growth plans, and the lack of risk management in preparation of a competitor entering the market. Problem Statement The management at Kudler Fine Foods is planning on opening a new location when all of the current locations are not successful, and the company has not done a proper analysis of the need for their services in the area. Also Kudler is not prepared for factors that may decrease the profitability of the company, or factors that can contribute to the failure of a new location. Solution With the Del Mar location not producing profit as expected this is the location management should use to create a market research and analysis plan. By using this location they will be able to determine the factors that are hindering the success of this location and then develop ways to counteract those factors. The benefit is they will improve the business done at that location before opening a new location. By looking at factors like population, socio-economic status in locations surrounding area and health factors in the area can determine what the need are for the community. Management should also look to see where people are purchasing food in the community and what types of food and products are selling at the local grocery. If there are gourmet products selling out of the supermarket than that is a factor that needs to be accounted for. Once the market research is done Kudlers management can the focus on a risk management plan. Before a risk management plan can be established they must know what risk are out there and the market analysis and research will help the company determine what risk and challenges they face. Risk management is a part of a basic business plan, I see where threats are outlined in the strategic plan but there are no alternative plans to minimize each threat nor are there any plans for how to be competitive should a competitor arise. Kudler only considers other gourmet shops as competition they should also consider, grocery stores that sell gourmet foods a competitor. Then they should focus on how to maintain their existing book of business. If Kudler developed their website so customers could place orders online that would give them a way to expand while working on the risk management plans and the online based business would also help with the market research. A high concentration of orders coming from a specific location may be an indicator used to determine where to open a new store. Desired Resolution Kudler Fine Foods will be able to expand all facets of the business and have a risk management plan in place to counter act competition entering the market. Kudler will expand in to locations where they will be successful. Kudler will also have an effective and efficient model for future expansion and growth. Conclusion The goal of Kudler Fine Foods is expansion and growth while increasing profit and the current book of business. By doing the extra research and implementing a risk management program before opening a new location will increase the success of all three current locations and ensure the success of any future locations. It will also help Kudler organize and develop other facets of the business like the website. A little extra work goes along way and with the risk management plan in place and a new location market analysis model being used Kudler Fine Foods should be able to grow and meet all the organizations goals.

The Government’s Taking of Private Property

The Constitution of the United States is based primarily on the ideas of the 17th Century English philosopher John Locke. Locke thought that everyone had natural rights, which included life, liberty, and property. Locke stated â€Å"the great and chief end, therefore, of men†s uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of property† (Locke/ McClaughry 3). He thought that if any of these rights were violated that the violator should make restitution. The Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states â€Å"Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. When the government needs a citizen†s private property to build roads or buildings, they compensate the person with money roughly equal to the value of that person†s land. The problem of the government taking or restricting a citizen†s land arises with regulation of private property. John McClaughry defines regulatory taking â€Å"as a governmental confiscation or destruction of economic rights by regulation, without the physical occupation which would trigger just compensation to the owner† (McClaughry 7). The case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council is an example of regulatory taking. In the case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Lucas bought two adjacent lots on the coast of the Isle of Palms in South Carolina, only to have the land restricted by the state, which prevented his intended use of the lots. Lucas argued that the state†s restriction of the land constituted taking without just compensation. The South Carolina Court of Common Pleas agreed with Lucas and awarded him $1,232,387. 50. The Supreme Court of South Carolina disagreed with the lower court, and saying that the restrictions were designed to prevent serious public harm so no compensation was necessary, even if it did affect the property†s value. Lucas appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States decided on Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council in June of 1992. This was four years after the Beachfront Management Act, which prohibited construction on Lucas† lots, was enacted in 1988. An amendment was made to the Act in 1990 that would allow construction in special situations. Lucas could possibly appeal to the Council and receive a permit to build on his lots at the time of the Supreme Court hearings. Lucas argued that the deprivation of use of his land from 1988-1990 amounted to a taking. The Supreme Court decided to grant certiorari. According to Locke, the government†s purpose is to protect and enforce people†s natural rights. One of the natural rights, according to Locke, is life. The coastal area of the Isle of Palms that Lucas† lots were on has been plagued with floods. Justice Blackmun stated that the land was â€Å"under water† from 1957 until 1963. In addition, between 1981 and 1983, â€Å"the Isle of Palms issued twelve emergency orders for sandbagging to protect property† (Blackmun 2). The state of South Carolina saw Lucas† property as unsafe. â€Å"Long ago it was recognized that all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owner†s use of it shall not be injurious to the community, and the Takings Clause did not transform that principle to one that requires compensations whenever the State asserts its power to enforce it† (Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass. 491-492). The state†s prevention of building on the site in question would not only foreseeably save the beach from erosion,! insurance and federal aid money, but possibly lives. The Supreme Court ruled in this case that when all value has been taken from property that the owner must receive compensation for it. The question still stands as to whether the state caused the land to become valueless by restricting the building upon it. Justice Blackmun argued, â€Å"†¦ yet the trial court, apparently believing that ‘less value† and ‘valueless† could be used interchangeably, found the property ‘valueless†Ã¢â‚¬  (Blackmun 5). He goes on to propose that the land still held value because Lucas could enjoy it in other ways, such as camping, swimming, picnicking, or placing a mobile home on it. The value of the property often lies in the eye of the beholder. In Colorado, a piece of legislation is being proposed that might become a model for other states where property rights are concerned. The Private Property Protection Act would allow â€Å"a landowner to seek compensation when a regulation takes away more than fifty percent of the land†s value† (McClaughry 4). This act hopes † to establish a standard for the most serious regulatory takings and to afford a method of relief for a landowner whose rights have been taken† according to McClaughry (McClaughry 8). In 1997, Senator Hatch (R-UT) introduced a piece of legislation called the Citizen†s Access to Justice Act. This Act would â€Å"reduce delay and expense of litigation by clearly defining when a property owner†s claim is ripe† for adjudication (Annett 2). This piece of legislation would help speed the process that is so costly for property owners. The Private Property Rights Implementation Act was passed in October of 1997. This Act helps owners pass their first hurdle by allowing them to have the merits of their case heard in federal court. The Tucker Act Shuffle Relief Act, also passed in October of 1997, helps citizens pass the second hurdle by â€Å"resolving the jurisdictional question for federal courts† (Annett 3). Even though the Supreme Court†s ruling in Lucas looked promising for property rights advocates, it turned out not to be such a big win after all. Justice Scalia limited the application of the ruling to total takings, excluding partial takings. The distinction between total and partial takings â€Å"is arbitrary and inconsistent with the purposes of the Takings Clause† (Butler 3). It is possible that one landowner could lose more money on a piece of property that is only partially taken and not receive compensation for it, when another landowner could be compensated for a piece of land that is not wholly worth as much as the other owner†s partial piece. The Supreme Court†s partial versus total taking has made a big impact upon lower court judges however. The lower courts are using the decision as a standard by which to judge regulatory property rights cases across the board. Many defendants are attempting to use the ruling, to fight prohibited construction on their land, where it is not applicable. Defendants â€Å"cannot claim their land is valueless simply because they might have developed it in the future† (Butler 5). The other relevant part of the Lucas decision is that â€Å"if the activity was previously permitted under relevant property and nuisance principles, then the prohibition of the activity would be a total regulatory taking that must be compensated† (Butler 6). Justice Blackmun ponders whether the government is going to be able to continue if it must weigh the possibility of compensation when making laws outlawing serious dangers to society. However, if all economically beneficial uses are not destroyed by the regulation, then it does not matter whether or not the activity was previously permitted. Another case of regulatory property taking that is still on the state level is the expansion of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Regional Airport. With the expansion of the airport, increased air traffic would be flying over the nearby Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge. In compensation for the affects on the habitat, â€Å"†¦ the Fish and Wildlife Service is going to be paid over $20 million† (Young 1). However, the money is going to come from fees and charges placed on people using the airport. When someone from the private sector causes detriment to federal lands they must compensate the government for the lost lands. The end of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council remains to be told. The South Carolina Supreme Court ordered the state of South Carolina to purchase the two lots in question from David Lucas. The state then put the two lots on the market as residential sites. Perhaps the â€Å"courts should look beyond the public-interest rhetoric and examine the validity of the alleged public purpose† (Butler 7). This is the other side of regulatory takings. If the states are required to pay property owners millions of dollars for the land in question, are they going to be able to uphold the Acts and legislation that got them there? Locke†s natural rights seem to conflict over the regulatory taking of private property. The natural right to life appears to have precedent over the natural right to property according to the government†s actions in dealing with regulatory takings. The government says that the taking of the land is in the best interest of society, but rights of the individu! al are being overlooked. When the taking is free to the government, it appears to be a good plan of action for them. When the government must pay for their land, they weigh the pros and cons of their decisions a little more heavily. The Lucas case is full of precedents, good and bad, for both sides of the issue of regulatory takings.

Arent Animals Victims Too Professor Ramos Blog

Arent Animals Victims Too Aren’t Animals Victims Too?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you hear the word victim who do you automatically think of? These days normally some of the first things that come to mind are the children and teachers in the latest school shooting or the woman in the film industry that finally came forward about the sexual abuse she endured a few years back. But do you ever think about animals as victims? Animals have become the forgotten victims of today’s society. What have they done to deserve this? The answer is absolutely nothing. It is impossible to have exact numbers of how many animal abuse cases there are because there are so many different fields of animal cruelty such as hoarding, bestiality, starvation, kicking, striking, etc. Animal abuse is generally defined as intentional behavior that causes pain, suffering or death of an animal (Ascione Shapiro, 570); bestiality and negligence are usually included. When animal cruelty is brought to public attention, people search for the best options to deal with such events. Tips on recognition of animal cruelty can be easily found with a quick online search. Additionally, legislation criminalizing this behavior already exists on a state by state basis, but these do nothing to prevent the problem. Early detection and treatment for those who are inclined toward these actions of animal abuse should be the first step. Since late 19th century every state has added to its own anti-cruelty statute. Most states rely on the same concept of animal cruelty in current legislation, more commonly human actions that inflict pain or suffering on any non-human animal. Each state’s anti-cruelty law has different definitions of â€Å"animal† adopted in their laws. For example, California’s anti- cruelty law states that its requirements apply to â€Å"any mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian or fish† (California Penal Code 2014). As a result, any violation of this law allows for a misdemeanor or felony charge with or without a fine up to $20,000. More than 50% of state statues also include in anti-cruelty legislation a requirement for counseling as part of sentencing; the convicted party is responsible for the costs of such therapies. While legislation is vital and necessary for the criminalizing of animal abuse, laws do nothing to prevent this behavior. Only recently has there been scientific study of animal abuse by people, beginning in the 1970s. The psychiatric community has been researching animal cruelty as a predictor of future human aggression and impersonal violence. Since that time studies have been conducted suggesting that childhood animal cruelty predicts future interpersonal violence (Holoyda and Newman 134). In 2000, animal abuse became a sign of conduct disorder according to the American Psychiatric Association. This information then led to studies in youths as a subtype of conduct disorder. Behavior of those with conduct disorder also often includes setting fires, bullying, and forced sex (Ascione and Shapiro 573). Conduct disorder is defined as children or adolescents that have a range of antisocial behavior. It has been shown that children diagnosed with conduct disorder often have a history of abuse.   Physically and sexually abused children are more likely to become abusers of animals themselves (Boat et al. 813). Children known to have conduct disorder are twice as likely to have been sexually abused themselves; this relationship is consistent and documented (Boat et al. 817). Children with conduct disorders are not the only individuals that show abusive behaviors. Conduct disorder is recognized as a prerequisite for the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in adults; Gleyzer et al discuss a significant relationship in the article Animal Cruelty and Psychiatric Disorders (260).   Reef et al also discuss conduct disorders, noting that conduct problems are predictive of future disruptive disorders for up to 24 years (1121). Predictive behaviors linked to animal cruelty and a pattern of events that can lead to conduct disorders make recognition of high risk individuals easily accomplished. If the potential for animal cruelty is identified, there are services already available that could serve as a framework for prevention strategies. Programs currently available are designed to work with at risk youth that vary in intensity and duration. Examples of these programs include: Forget-Me-not farm provides an after school program specifically for at risk children and families in violent communities, were participants are taught the responsible care of animals (Ascione and Shapiro 580). PAL (People and Animals Learning) is a day camp for at risk youth that allows youth to gain life experience while working in animal shelters and wildlife rehabilitation centers (Ascione and Shapiro 580). Project Second Chance teaches compassion, gentleness and accountability by pairing adolescents with shelter dogs, while also fostering healthy social interaction. An increase in higher adoption rates was also seen (Ascione and Shapiro 580). Anicare and Anicare Child are outpatient programs aimed at families already identified with having a history of animal abuse. These families do not include those who have already been diagnosed with major psychotic disorders and offer cognitive and behavioral therapies; children are better able to empathize with animals and create health attachments (Ascione and Shapiro 582). Green Chimneys is a live in program for disturbed children that include those who abuse animals. Children live at a working farm for a period of time; individual and group therapies are offered in addition to other activities (Ascione and Shapiro 582). Many of these types of programs are products of networks established with various human service, criminal justice, educational, and humane societies and shelters (Ascione and Shapiro 580).   Even with programs like these, and with the availability of mental healthcare, only approximately 50% of children and adolescents with mental disorders will get treatment.   Although conduct disorders represent only 2.1 percent of disorders overall, this shows a significant lack of treatment that could serve as prevention toward animal cruelty as a whole. To break the cycle of animal directed violence and impact the prevention of animal cruelty it is important to address the complex nature of abusive home environments where cruelty to animals is occurring. These events are often predicated by various types of abuse in future offenders, and recognition of abuse in children and of other key behaviors by these children is vital to prevent future animal cruelty. While society is primed act on behalf of abused animals with legalistic activity, very little has been accomplished to truly address the problem. Ascione, Frank R. and Kenneth Shapiro. People and Animals, Kindness and Cruelty: Research Directions and Policy Implications.  Journal of Social Issues, vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 2009, pp. 569-587. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01614.x. This article â€Å"People and Animals, Kindness and Cruelty: Research Directions and Policy Implications† gives many examples in ways to prevent childhood conduct disorders and as a symptom of that animal cruelty. Examples include education, at-risk populations, and intervention and treatment; terms and definitions are provided. This article provides the framework for my purposed solution/prevention of animal cruelty.   This is a scholarly published literature review that provides expert conclusions. Boat, Barbara W., et al. Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Psychiatric and Demographic Correlates.  Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, vol. 20, no. 7, Oct. 2011, pp. 812-819. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.610773. This article, â€Å"Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Psychiatric and Demographic Correlates.† focuses on the data that supports the correlation between animal cruelty and mental illness in children. The article finds that children who perpetrate cruelty to animals are at risk for further conduct- disordered behavior. I am using the data and paraphrasing some of the conclusions to support my argument. This source is credible because it is a retrospective study that is published in a scholarly journal. Gleyzer, Roman M.D., et al. Animal Cruelty and Psychiatric Disorders.  Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry the Law, vol. 30, no. 2, 2002, pp. 257-265. EBSCOhost,  0-search.ebscohost.com.catalog.llu.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=SM195963site=ehost-livescope=site. â€Å"Animal Cruelty and Psychiatric Disorders† is a retrospective study that examines psychiatric disorders and animal cruelty. Animal cruelty is one of several antisocial behaviors related to conduct disorders in childhood. I am using this article to support the argument that correlates animal cruelty and psychiatric disorders.   This source is credible because it is a retrospective study that is published in a scholarly journal. Holoyda, Brian J. and William J. Newman. Childhood Animal Cruelty, Bestiality, and the Link to Adult Interpersonal Violence.  International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, vol. 47, Jul-Aug, 2016, pp. 129-135. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.017. Review of this article provided information about the history of animal protection laws, current California law and the link to psychiatric interest into animal cruelty. Holoyda and Newman draw a link between childhood animal cruelty and future violence. I am using this article to support the need for prevention of childhood animal cruelty. This is a scholarly published article written by professors of psychiatry at UC Davis School of Medicine and Saint Louis University School of Medicine Merikangas, Kathleen Ries. â€Å"Prevelence and Treatment of Mental Disorders Among Us Children in the 2001-2004 NHANES.† Pediatrics,vol.125,no.1, 2010, pp. 75-81. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2598. This cross sectional survey shows how many children got treatments for specific mental disorders. This is the first step in creating a national database for mental health in children and teenagers. I used it to show that children with conduct disorders are not getting the treatment that they need. This source is credible because it is a cross sectional survey conducted by mental health professionals, published in a scholarly journal, and referenced in the National Institute of Health. Reef, Joni, et al. Childrens Problems Predict Adults DSM-IV Disorders across 24 Years.  Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 49, no. 11, 01 Nov. 2010, pp. 1117-1124. EBSCOhost,  0-search.ebscohost.com.catalog.llu.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ericAN=EJ944512site=ehost-livescope=site. Mood disorders are predicted by conduct problems in children. The same children are at high risk for DSM-IV diagnoses as adults. Disruptive disorders are predicted for up to 24 years. This will support my idea that identifying and treating conduct problems in children will help alleviate the issue of animal cruelty. This article was a research study by experts in child and adolescent psychiatry.

The Most Massive SEO Copywriting Guide To Make Your Traffic Soar

The Most Massive SEO Copywriting Guide To Make Your Traffic Soar According to Internet Live Stats, Google processes over 60,000 searches per second. That means its sending tons traffic to websites all around the world. As a result, its unsurprising that 61% of marketers say improving search engine optimization is their top marketing priority. It also means the competition is fierce. To make matters worse, its often tough to know whether your current tactics are effective. One thing is for sure, though: successful SEO starts with effective content. So, does that mean if you write great stuff, your pages and blog posts will rank? Not exactly. That content needs to be written to appeal to both search engines and humans, so Google (and others) can send traffic to the best possible sources. And this means understanding both search engine optimization and copywriting in equal measure. At this point, you probably have some questions. Fortunately, youre about to find answers. Read on to find the answers and master SEO copywriting, once and for all. What is ? is an industry-leading marketing management platform for teams of all sizes. Start planning projects on unified calendar and learn how you can overcome makeshift marketing now. Table of Contents: Copywriting Templates SEO and Copywriting Tools What is Copywriting? Why Does SEO Matter? How Does SEO Work? Copywriting 101 Copywriting Formulas Keyword Research Writing Optimized Content Measuring SEO Success When Content Fails The Most Massive SEO Copywriting Guide That Will Make Your Traffic Soar Grab Your Free SEO Copywriting Template Bundle This post is packed with practical tips to help you write better copy that ranks and converts. In order to help you apply what you learn, weve put together this free downloadable bundle of useful templates and other resources. Youll get: An On-Page SEO Checklist to make sure every piece of content you publish is properly optimized. An SEO Content Strategy Template to figure out what youll publish (and why). An easy-to-follow SEO Copywriting Template to simplify and organize your content writing process. Download all three before we get going.Recommended SEO and Copywriting Tools Here are some tools and gadgets to keep at your disposal: Grammarly: This is a life-saving spelling and grammar-checking tool. Hemingway: Improve your writing and make your content easier to understand. Yoast: If you use WordPress, this plugin is essential for editing title tags and meta descriptions. Plus, it packs tons of additional power, too. Ahrefs: This is the SEO tool of choice at for keyword research, rank tracking, and more. Can I Rank: Analyze content and keywords to understand exactly what your copy needs to do, in order to rank. Spotibo SERP Preview Checker: See what your title tags and meta descriptions will look like in search results. What Is SEO Copywriting, Exactly? In simplest terms, it’s the practice of writing content that aligns content with search queries. This involves writing copy that connects content with search intent and solves your audience's problems. Ultimately, that's what powers the top-performing content on Google. Sounds simple enough, right? Well, it isn’t quite that easy. Sometimes, incorporating keywords can mean rephrasing your wording (even if you'd prefer another choice of words). Or, you might even feel tempted to give into spammy old-school tactics like keyword stuffing (cramming keywords everywhere possible- a quick way to turn off readers and get slapped with a penalty from Google). What’s an aspiring SEO copywriting wizard to do? Keep these points in mind: Your goal is not simply to rank in search engines. Rankings are important. They drive traffic, which help drive conversions, after all. They’re not your end goal, though. Your goal is to connect the dots between your audience’s problems and the solutions your content provides. Ensuring your content ranks is a means to this end. That means understanding the search intent behind targeted keywords and creating stuff that delivers an â€Å"aha!† moment for your reader. That’s what’s going to lead to more conversions and sales. Put your audience first. It’s blatantly obvious when marketers don’t do this, and the results are never as good as catering to your reader’s needs first. What should every #SEO copywriter keep in mind? Find out here: Why Should Writers Pay Attention to Search Engines, Anyway? Your business needs new customers to keep the lights on. Search engines are one of the best ways to attract them. Now, you may have heard that SEO is unnecessary because Google has gotten better at understanding content without using keywords. It's true that search engines are better at understanding topics and context without heavy-handed optimization than they once were.  However, they still need help understanding what your content is about, and getting this right is key to maximizing organic search traffic. That’s where your  SEO copywriting skills come into play. By understanding how to write for humans and optimize for search engines, you can make sure your content ranks for the right search terms to reach the right audience. Do it well, and you’ll drive tons of high-converting traffic to your content and bring in more customers. How Does SEO Work? It's useful to have a working knowledge of SEO before moving forward. Unfortunately, well-meaning marketers often make this more confusing than it needs to be, causing writers to overthink what they're being asked to do. This post will attempt to make the essentials easily digestible. In their legendary SEO beginner's guide, software provider Moz says: Search engines have two major functions: crawling and building an index, and providing search users with a ranked list of the websites they've determined are the most relevant. Understanding Links and Their Impact on SEO The way search engines build indexes relies on links. Links between pages help the search engines understand the relationships between sites across the Web. To quote Moz once again: Imagine the World Wide Web as a network of stops in a big city subway system. Each stop is a unique document (usually a web page, but sometimes a PDF, JPG, or other file). The search engines need a way to â€Å"crawl† the entire city and find all the stops along the way, so they use the best path available- links. How do Google (and other search engines) understand what's on each stop? That part relies on the content of each web page, or other document or file in its index. Webmasters might link content that is related on their own sites, or link out to relevant content on other sites. This creates the necessary pathways search engine bots need to crawl through the web and understand how the web is constructed. In order to create content people want to link to, and that search engines can understand, it needs to be relevant to topics people search for. It also needs to be well-written, structured in a way that's easy to read, and include on-page elements that tell search engines, "This content is relevant to this topic." It's okay if this doesn't quite make sense yet. Give it time, and it'll start to click. Understanding How On-Page Factors Influence SEO When it comes to SEO, it's important to understand the big picture. There are tons of different ranking factors that can impact your performance. This infographic from Backlinko illustrates some of the most important elements a copywriter or content creator should know: Source: https://backlinko.com/on-page-seo. Copywriting 101: Get a Grip on the Basics Copywriting is a timeless art, whether you're concerned with SEO or not.  Without a strong foundation in fundamental sales writing techniques, your efforts will struggle. This section will walk through basic techniques for effective copywriting, from audience research to formulas you can follow for success. What Is Copywriting? Copywriting all about writing that converts readers into customers.  This video from Kopywriting Kourse offers a succinct explanation: Start By Understanding Your Audience If your copy is going to stick, you need to know exactly who you’re writing for. With some simple audience research (and maybe a persona or two on hand), you can make targeting your message to the right customer much easier. The best copy addresses a problem, at the intersection of your product's purpose and audience's needs. This forms your "content core." Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience And Create the Best Content That Connects Next, Understand Your Customer's Problems and Pain Points Your product or service helps solve a problem. Your copy needs to communicate what makes your product the best option. To do this, you need to have a clear understanding of your target customers’ pain points. Here are a few places to start: Talk to your sales team.  They interact with customers directly and have great insight. Ask customers on social media. They'll tell you what they think. Good, or bad.   Lean on customer and audience surveys. This is another way to get direct feedback. Then, Consider Developing Some Basic Customer Personas You may not have the time or resources to build personas. But, if you can, they're helpful for  understanding your audience. Personas are like character descriptions of customers. At a minimum, a persona should tell you a few basic things: Who is your target consumer?  Be specific. What are their interests and concerns? This could include things outside your industry. What are their primary pain points? You need to know what they need help with before your content can provide useful answers. This is a (very) short list of everything a good persona should tell you. For a more detailed guide on developing user personas, check out this post here. Writing for SEO? Start by understanding your core persona.Know How the Marketing Funnel Works Marketing funnels map intent to different stages of the purchasing process. They typically include at least three stages: Top of Funnel (TOFU): At this stage, customers are unaware of your brand or product. Middle of the Funnel (MOFU):   The customer knows they need a product or solution. However, they may or may not be considering your brand. Bottom of the Funnel: Now, the customer is ready to make a purchase. Some marketing funnel visualizations add more stages. Here is an example: As a copywriter, it's important to understand which stage you're targeting. A lot of content written for SEO purposes targets the top of the funnel. However, you may also need to write copy targeting the bottom of the funnel, too. This could include writing landing pages or product descriptions. As a copywriter, it's important to understand which stage of the marketing funnel you're targeting... Understand Basic Copywriting Formulas Even when you’re taking search into consideration, the basics principles of the craft still apply. Use these simple formulas to craft content that connects with your audience and motivates your desired action. PAS (Problem / Agitate / Solve) This classic formula has been kicking around for decades. Here’s how it works: Identify a problem. Since you spent time researching your audience, you should know common problems they face. Agitate anxiety around that problem. What makes this problem particularly pressing? Offer a solution. How can your product or service make your audience’s life better? Let’s say you’re selling rain repellant auto-glass coatings. Here’s how this formula breaks down: Problem: Driving in rain can be difficult when your car’s windshield doesn’t deflect moisture. Agitation: This problem is made even worse when driving through storms at night. Solution: Spraying coating on your windshield can decrease your chances of getting in a wreck due to poor visibility. Here's how the PAS copywriting formula worksAIDA (Attention / Interest / Desire / Action) This formula follows four phases: Capture your reader’s attention. This often starts with writing headlines and title tags people can’t help but click. Stoke interest. Follow through on your headline with interesting information that keeps them reading through to your call-to-action. Inspire desire.  Show your reader how life could be better with your product or service. Drive action.  Roll out your call-to-action and tell them how they can learn more or make a purchase. Using our auto-glass coating example from before, let's create a hypothetical example of this formula in action: Attention: You've never seen through a windshield this clear (even on the darkest, stormiest, nights). Interest: It's made possible with a secret solution no one else has. Desire: And it can be yours for one low price at your nearest retailer. This isn't a fantastic example, but you understand how it works. Here's how the AIDA copywriting formula worksThe Four Cs (Clear / Concise / Compelling / Credible) This formula aims to achieve everything authoritative content should be. For that reason, it’s perfect for crafting search-optimized content that convert. Clear. Make your point plain as day. Concise. Cut anything from your content that doesn’t directly help your reader. Compelling. Make it interesting. Work in stats and other data points that are accurate but hard to believe. Credible. Back up your claims with reputable sources. Let's go back to our auto-glass coating example one more time: Clear: Nothing maintains windshield visibility like this auto-glass coating. Concise: How? With a patented tri-chemical compound. Compelling: Nothing else cleans windshields better ... Credible: ... and it's backed by a five-star review in Motor Trend. Again, this isn't a wildly creative example. But, you can see how this formula's individual components work. Here's how the Four C's copywriting formula works Check out these detailed guides to common copywriting formulas for even more to choose from: "The 27 Copywriting Formulas That Will Drive Clicks And Engagement on Social Media" by Kevan Lee at Buffer "Copywriting Formualas: Don't Write From Scratch!" by Joanna Wiebe at Copyhackers "21 Incredible Copywriting Formulas I Use" by Copy Ranger "114+ Copywriting Formulas to Get Traffic and Leads" by Helen Nesterenko at Writtent "3 Brilliant Copywriting Formulas for Crafting More Persuasive Landing Pages" by Amanda Durepos at Unbounce Recommended Reading: How to Create a Marketing Strategy That Will Skyrocket Your Results By 9,360% Getting Started With SEO: Keyword Research Keywords are your guiding light for SEO copywriting success. They offer insight into what your audience needs from your content and which problems they’re looking to solve. So, how do you find which keywords your content should target? First, identify topics your audience is interested in. If you completed the customer research steps in the previous section, you should have some ideas around general topical areas. Next, use a keyword research tool (or two or three) to find search volume and search difficulty. Here are some popular options: Adwords Keyword Planner:  Sure, it’s more of a PPC tool than an SEO one. It’s also free and still provides valuable keyword insights to incorporate into your strategy. Moz Keyword Explorer: If you have a paid Moz account, you’re probably familiar with its built-in Keyword Explorer tool. It’s robust and feature-rich, providing tons of information around keyword volume, difficulty, related terms, and more. Ahrefs Keywords Explorer: This option from Ahrefs is similar to the Moz tool above. One cool feature it adds is the ability to identify the parent topic of a given keyword. Pretty cool. Again, this is a paid-only tool. LSI Graph: This free web-based tool finds terms related to a core keyword. Ubersuggest: This classic tool rounds up autocomplete results for keywords, helping you turn one keyword into tons of potential ideas. Doing keyword research? Try using these tools.The way these tools work on a fundamental level is simple: you enter a keyword, and it either provides you with relevant metrics, related ideas, or both. For example, a company that makes electric cars may want their homepage to rank for "electric cars." So, they could use Ahrefs to see if people search for this keyword: It turns out lots of people search for this term, which isn't surprising. But, what does all this information mean? Keyword Difficulty: This measures how difficult it is to rank on a keyword. The higher the number, the more challenging it will be. Search Volume: This is the estimated number of times the keyword gets searched in Google. Parent Topic: This is the broader topic this keyword falls under (it turns out "electric cars" is the parent). Sometimes, keywords are actually sub-topics of a parent topic. Traffic Potential: This is how much traffic a site could potentially get from this keyword. It takes total search volume, and the number of searches that result in a click, into account. Different tools offer different metrics you can analyze.  No matter which tool you’re using though, difficulty and volume are key. The most valuable keywords show  high volume  and low difficulty. They’re rare, but worth considering targeting when you do uncover them. Understanding Search Intent It isn’t enough to find keywords you can rank for and move on. You also need to understand what people are really looking for when they’re searching for a particular term. This is especially true for search terms that are similar in spelling or phrasing, or words with multiple meanings. Let’s take the search term â€Å"football scores† for example. Even though I’m in the United States, here’s what I see: Now, most of the world calls soccer â€Å"football.† However, here in the US, it's more likely I wanted American football scores from the NFL. If I were in Canada, I might have wanted scores from the CFL, too. Someone in Australia might have been looking for Australian Rules Football updates. In Ireland, a searcher could want Gaelic football scores. That’s a lot of different possibilities for one keyword phrase (and a lot of different types of football). There are a few reasons why I probably got the results I did: There was a major soccer (or football) tournament happening. Since Google processes searches for relevancy, it made a guess that’s what I was looking for. The NFL is out of season.  Ã‚  But, maybe I wanted to find historical scores from season’s past. I’m a sponge for useless football trivia. It wasn't a specific enough search query. If I wanted NFL scores, I could have adjusted my search to be more narrowly targeted. The takeaway here is you need to know exactly what your audience is looking for. There are no room for assumptions here. If your selected keyword is off-target, your content will be, too. If your selected keyword is off-target, your content will be, too.Segmenting And Mapping Keywords By User Intent So, how can you better understand search intent? First, understand that keywords typically fall into three different categories: Navigational: Someone is trying to find a particular website. Informational: Someone is trying to gather information on a topic. Transactional: Someone is looking to buy a product or service. Segmenting keywords into each bucket is easy enough. Odds are, you’ll likely focus on the second two categories (informational and transactional). Now, it’s important to understand where in the sales funnel each of these types of keywords aligns with. Here’s another look at what a typical marketing funnel looks like: Here's how to effectively map keywords to different marketing funnel stages:How Can You Tell Exactly What People Are Looking For? Once you have a keyword selected, it’s time to figure out exactly what people want when they search that specific term. Start with a simple Google search and review the results. Then, ask yourself a couple questions: Are there any common themes in the SERPs?  If every result  appears to cover a similar topic, that’s a sign the search intent is clear. Do the search results appear mixed?  Or, if results look like a mixed bag of different specific topics, it could be that search engines can’t quite determine exactly what someone might want with that given phrase. In this case, it might be better to choose a more specific term. Then, ask whether your given keyword is navigational, informational, or transactional. You can determine this by whether the term is intended to provide a basis for research  or to actually get the credit card out and make a purchase. Recommended Reading: Your Ultimate Content Marketer's Guide to Keyword Research Understand Secondary Keywords and How to Target an Entire Topic Understanding secondary keywords is a powerful skill for any SEO copywriter. If your parent topic is your primary keyword, then secondary keywords are related terms that should be included in your content. Here are a few easy ways to find these terms: Use a high-powered keyword research tool like Moz or Ahrefs Keyword Explorer. These platforms make it easy to compile lists of related terms. Check out related searches in Google. Google (and Bing) often displays related searches at the bottom of search results. This can give you ideas for other content you can create, or terms to include in your piece. Use LSI Graph. This aforementioned tool makes it easy to spin off tons of LSI terms from one seed term. Just visit the website, enter a keyword, and let ‘er rip. Or, you can use the new LSI Graph WordPress plugin  (if you’re using WordPress for your CMS). Note: There is some debate in the SEO world about whether or not "latent semantic indexing" is the correct term to use for incorporating secondary keywords into content. As a copywriter, you don't need to be distracted by this conversation, unless you find it interesting. It's more important to understand the application of this concept in regards to targeting topics, rather than understanding the mechanics and definitions of terms. Put It All Together: How to Write SEO-Optimized Content As a best practice, put content first and search engine optimization second. Stephen Jeske, president of CanIRank (a handy on-page SEO tool), said on the Actionable Marketing Podcast: â€Å"Only after I’ve published do I actually think about tweaking it so search engines can understand my post better. I like to write for humans first and search engines second.† This piece of advice came from the founder of an SEO tool, no less. So, what does that tell you? When it comes to SEO copywriting, people are your priority. When it comes to SEO copywriting, people are your priority.On-Page Keyword Placement Once upon a time, SEOs would jam keywords wherever possible. This routinely resulted in terrible copy that ranked well because search engines were less effective at filtering out crap. Fortunately, things have long since changed. Generally speaking, you need to think people first and search engines second if you want to succeed. But, it’s still Search engines need some guidance to understand what your content is about. So, strategic keyword placement is still an important part of any search-optimized content strategy, and that isn’t likely to change in the immediate future. Let’s dig into the where and why of on-page keyword placement. URL: The slug should include your primary keyword phrase. H1:  The headline should be in an H1 tag and should include your primary keyword phrase. H2 and H3 subheadings:  These are great places to include secondary and related keyword phrases (if and where appropriate). Introduction: If your keyword truly is the topic of your content, it shouldn’t be hard to reference it somewhere in your introduction. Throughout your content: Odds are, your primary keyword (and related phrases) are going to show up naturally throughout your content as you write. If not, consider rereading your content after you’ve finished a draft to make sure it’s present. Image file name: Include the primary keyword in one image file name. Tip: Don’t worry about keyword density (the ratio between the number of times keywords appear in your content and how many total words are present on your page). As long as your keyword phrases are included in your copy where search engines need them to interpret your content (and where it would make sense naturally for your reader), then you’re in good shape. Write an Optimized Headline Headlines are extremely important for any copywriter. Advertising visionary David Ogilvy once famously said: â€Å"On the average, five times as many people read the  headline  as read the body copy. When you have written your  headline, you have spent eighty cents out of your dollar.† The Headline Analyzer is a free tool for optimizing headlines before you publish. Plus, it's also built into :When writing headlines for search engine optimization purposes, remember the following: Include your primary keyword. It doesn't need to be an exact match. But, your headline should be closely relevant to your core keyword. Place the headline in an H1 tag. This post will explain what this means later on. Make sure your CMS uses only one H1 tag per page. Incorporate an action verb and a benefit. That's headline writing 101. Look at this headline example from the Moz Blog. Dominic wrote this post about "technical SEO problems." Therefore, he included this phrase in the headline, sending a strong signal to search engines about this content's topic. Insert Your Primary Keyword in the Webpage URL Search engines use keywords in page URLs to help them understand its content. Follow these guidelines: Write clean URLs:  Keep them punchy and concise. Use - and not _ : Incorporate your keyword phrase: Again, it doesn't necessarily need to be an exact match. However, it should be close. Here is the URL from the previous Moz Blog example: Notice how it includes the primary keyword. Plus, it also includes the term "checklist," which will help this page rank for searchers looking for one to solve this problem. Here's why URLs should include keywords (plus more #SEO #copywriting tips:Write Strong  Title Tags and Meta Descriptions Your primary keyword should always be in your title tag and meta description. If you’re unfamiliar with what these are, they’re the blue links and informational snippets you see in search engine results: Search engines give the most weight to keywords placed closest to the left. But, make sure your title tags are easy for people to read. This should be your priority. While meta descriptions aren’t used to determine page ranking, they encourage users to click. Since your keyword is what users are looking for, including it in your meta description reinforces the relevance of your content. To make sure both look good in search results, follow these character counts: Title Tags: 70 characters or fewer. Meta Descriptions: 156 characters max. You can test your title tags and meta descriptions before publishing using the Spotibo Google Search Results Preview Tool: Including your #keyword in your meta description helps reinforce SERP relevancy:Nail Your Introduction It's important to write great introductions that hook readers. But, did you know it's also crucial to include keywords and phrases in your intro, too? Make sure your primary keyword, or a close variation, is included somewhere within the first few hundred words of text. This should be easy to do naturally. Once again, take a look at the example from the Moz Blog: The primary keyword is included in the second paragraph. The author also included "checklist" in the third paragraph. This clearly communicates what the page is about to both readers and search engines. Incorporate Secondary Keywords Into Your Subheadings HTML uses six levels of header tags to structure content. Including keywords in subheads sends the message that they're important. Here is what they look like in the WordPress editor: Subheads should target secondary points about your topic. The example post from Moz uses an H2 tag here: This achieves two goals: It tells the search engine this section is important. People on this post want the checklist. Readers can easily tell this is the checklist they're looking for. Rather than searching through the content to find it, this subhead makes it obvious this is where it's at. Infusing Secondary Keywords Into Your Copy While we touched on this topic briefly before, now it’s time to actually apply it to your writing. For a brief recap on why this is important, consider the following two points: Search engines have gotten better at connecting different words that mean the same thing. For example, a piece of content about â€Å"red sneakers† might also rank for â€Å"red tennis shoes†. That’s because Google (or Bing or Yahoo) can understand that â€Å"sneakers† and â€Å"tennis shoes† mean nearly the same thing. Search engines reward content that targets an entire topic, rather than just one keyword. When someone enters a keyword phrase, the search engine’s job is to return results that answer the query thoroughly. This leads to content that answers a question completely and comprehensively outperforming content that's thin. Your content needs to include not only one targeted primary keyword, but other terms and information related to the core topic your content is about. Go back to the Moz Blog example. It uses terms that are related to "technical SEO problems" from start to finish. Look at this paragraph: "Invalid HTML" is a technical SEO problem, right? By touching on tons of different examples like this, the author sends the message that this is a comprehensive piece of content, that addresses a broad topic in deep detail. Include Links to Other Pages on Your Site This post previously explained the importance of links. That includes links to your page from other sites, and links between pages on your own domain. These help search engines understand which pages are most important. If you link to a page more frequently, it sends the message that its a useful page. However, be careful not to overdo it. Include links when they're helpful for readers. Look at this example from Musicians Friend. The article is all about Fender Telecaster guitars, so its links to a page where shoppers can find and buy this model: Include Links to Useful Resources On Other Sites Links to quality sources show that your content is well-researched. They also help readers by directing them toward other relevant content. It also shows search engines that you're associated with strong sites that people want to visit. Here is some example text from a post on the Raven Tools blog: Since this post is about building a checklist for a new website launch, it links to content that helps readers get this job done. Note the blue text link that goes to an official support doc from Google: That's certainly a quality source, and it helps the reader accomplish their goal. This should always be your aim. How to Measure SEO Success You've now put in tons of work. How do you know if it has been worth it? The answer: invest in a quality SEO platform that can track performance. What Should You Measure? Here are some metrics to monitor: Rankings: Well-written content, with proper keyword targeting, should rank well. Traffic: How many readers is your content attracting? Conversions: Are readers taking your desired action? Backlinks: If your content is good enough, other sites should link to it. How Should You Measure These Performance Indicators? You will need the right tools to measure success. Here are some recommended options: Ahrefs: This is 's preferred tool. You can measure rankings, traffic, backlinks, and more. Moz: May be the most popular option on the market. It's similar to Ahrefs. Google Analytics: Indispensable for measuring site traffic and conversions. What to Do When Your Content Fails If you put in tons of work and do everything right, you should succeed. What happens if you don't, though? Start diagnosing the issue. Then, correct your course of action. Check Your Site Speed People don't like waiting for pages to load. So, Google rewards pages that load more quickly. To check your site speed, use Pingdom's webspeed tester. It's a free tool that detects how fast a web page loads: Show your results to a web developer. Then, ask them to work on improving your site speed. Google Page Speed Insights is another tool you can use to provide detailed recommendations on where your site can be improved: Compress Images With WP Smush If you use WordPress, the plugin WP Smush can help compress images. This can help pages load faster, since images are a common culprit behind slow loading times. Rewrite Your Calls to Action If your page is getting lots of traffic, but conversions are low, your calls-to-action could need work. Follow this guide and make them more compelling. Make Sure Your Page Matches the Keyword Search Intent It's also possible that lots of people are finding your page ... only to learn it's not what they thought it was. Remember the example about how many different kinds of football exist in the world? If someone is searching for a word that means multiple things, it's important that your content makes it clear exactly what the page is about.  Yoast created an excellent guide that explains how search intent works. You are not churning out content for the sake of ranking on specific keywords. Rather, the keywords you choose should be relevant to your business, and the content you create should be relevant to the needs of the person using those keywords. This point cannot be stressed enough. Never Resort to Keyword Stuffing It’s almost hard to believe this still needs to be discussed in 2017. For the uninitiated though, consider this a warning: don’t try to fool search engines by unnaturally stuffing full of keywords. Keyword stuffing involves awkwardly and repeatedly cramming a specific keyword phrase into your text. Here’s an example of what it might look like: Dave’s Shoe Shop is the best shoe store in Dallas, Texas. If you’re shopping for shoes in Dallas or Fort Worth, Dave’s is the footwear outlet for you. No one carries more casual or athletic footwear in the region. In this hypothetical example, it’s obvious the writer is targeting shoe shoppers in the Dallas area. So, they shoved terms related to â€Å"shoes† and â€Å"Dallas† as many different ways as they could into three sentences. This kind of content doesn’t rank well, though. Worse, it certainly isn’t compelling anyone to buy shoes from poor old Dave. Now Start Writing Better Search-Optimized Copy The information in this post is applicable to almost any kind of content you might write. Whether you’re writing product copy for an ecommerce site or search-optimized blog posts to generate leads, you’re now equipped with the knowledge you need to write copy that’s the easy to find and drives conversions.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic management - Essay Example The mission is the organization's reason for being. It defines what the company has set out to do. It is broken down into objectives or concrete goals that the company has to reach in order to accomplish its mission. Each goal needs a strategy and a strategic plan for implementing and evaluating the level of accomplishment of the plan. In order to make the strategic plan, a study of both internal and external environments need to be conducted to define the company's strengths which can be used to achieve the objectives, take advantage of opportunities, minimize weaknesses and threats; the company's weaknesses which must be addressed or minimized in order not to detract from achieving the objectives; the opportunities in the external environment which can be taken advantage of; and the threats in the external environment which should be addressed so as not to affect achievement of the objectives.This paper conducts a SWOT analysis of Able Corporation's major competitors - Smith & Whit e Corporation and Matakume. It attempts to anticipate these competitor's strategic responses to specific weaknesses by recommending strategies. The SWOT analysis and the anticipated recommended strategies should be helpful to Able Corporation in charting its strategic course of action with regards its major competitors.Strategic management at the business unit level involves defining the mission and objectives, conducting a situation analysis, formulating strategies, implementing them, and controlling the process through measurement and evaluation. Once objectives are specified, the company has to analyze its current to be able to devise a strategic plan to reach the objectives. An environmental scan has to be performed for both internal and external environments. SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a situation analysis. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The SWOT framework was introduced in the 1960's by Lear ned, Christiansen, Andrews, and Guth in their book, Business Policy, Text and Cases. SWOT classifies the internal aspects of the company as strengths or weaknesses, and the external factors as opportunities or threats. Internal analysis for evaluating the company's strengths and weaknesses revolve around factors such as company culture, company image, organizational structure, key staff, access to natural resources, position on the experience curve, operational efficiency, operational capacity, brand awareness, market share, financial resources, exclusive contracts, patents and trade secrets. Opportunities and threats may arise due to changes in the external environments. External analysis, therefore, may involve factors such as customers, competitors, market trends, suppliers, partners, social changes, new technology, economic environment, political and regulatory environment (NetMBA 2007). Using SWOT analysis, two companies, Smith and White Corporation and Makatume Corporation, will be analyzed to address specific strategic management concerns. For Smith and White Corporation, a strategy shall be recommended to address one specific weakness, with brief recommendations for implementation and evaluation, as well as notes on ramifications. For Makatume Corporation, a strategy shall be recommended to address the higher voltage issue without proposing a shift to higher voltages production. S&W SWOT Analysis Smith & White Corporation (S&W) is a very large and aggressive domestic manufacturer of a full line of moderate quality professional and consumer tools. It is a multi-national conglomerate that has dominant shares in all the markets in which it operates. S&W's strengths include: (1) Its aggressive company culture. It uses massive amounts of national advertising to maintain and build brand equity which has made the company a multinational conglomer

A recent report highlights a large rise in gambling in the UK.Discuss Essay

A recent report highlights a large rise in gambling in the UK.Discuss why this has occurred, whether it is a cause for concern,and, if so, what could be done ab - Essay Example progressive and chronic disorder that encompasses an unrelenting failure to resist impulses to gamble and where this maladaptive behavior disrupts, or damages personal, family, or vocational pursuits’’ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 615). Problem Gambling is â€Å"persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family or vocational pursuits.† (American Psychiatric Association) â€Å"It avoids the medical and pejorative implications of pathological’’ (Walker & Dickerson, 1996) and the term Problem Gambler’ is used to define someone â€Å"whose gambling is at an earlier stage and to a lesser degree than required by the diagnostic criteria† (Rosenthal, 1989). The third term Compulsive Gambling is more often used by â€Å"laypersons such as Gamblers Anonymous (GA) members†. (Clinical Psychology Review 22 -2002) As this discussion is based on psychology, the main focus would remain on the â€Å"pathological gambling† in order to describe the gambling behaviors. Different forms of gambling are covered by the term PG including casino gambling, pari-mutuels, horse races, lotteries and gaming machines. The pathological gambling has several â€Å"negative impacts on the gamblers’ physical and mental health and performance in vocational situations† (Productivity Commission, 1999). The pathological gamblers often face financial hardships, Interpersonal problems and psychosocial problems in their children. It is also associated with significant problems, including â€Å"suicidal ideation and attempts, marital conflicts, employment problems, alcohol and substance abuse, psychiatric co morbidity and decreased health function†. (Benjamin J. Morasco, Jeremiah Weinstock 2007) During last few decades, there has been a rise in gambling all over the world and in United Kingdom also people are getting addicted of it. Though there are not any specific reasons that convince people to start gambling but there are several factors that