Oral Pessimism And Depression Depression - 1376 Words

Depression in psychotherapeutic terms suggests that depression starts in childhood by pleasurable or restrictive oral experiences that could influence depression later on in adulthood (Abraham, 1927; Fenichel, 1946; Freud 1917 et all Maltby, Lewis, Hill, 1998). A study has been completed by Professor of Psychology, Lewis’ (1993), to examine that oral pessimism is important to the aetiology of depression within the contact of social psychological, cognitive and personality explains depression. Results have shown that there is a significant positive relationship between oral pessimism and depression, but not a significant association between oral optimism and depression. Therefore this suggests that oral pessimism characters, neuroticism and the use of stable attributions are important to depression (Maltby, Lewis, Hill, 1998, pp. 1-6). Similarly Melanie Klein 1988 (et al Ilson, n.d.) is saying that depression starts in the childhood were the baby is having disturbances in how it was allowed to handle feelings towards the mother. Furthermore, Frederick Perls 1989 (et al Ilson, n.d.) refers to depression as being the result of an â€Å"incomplete gestalt†, where the energy is blocked. Liebler Moss (2009, pp. 8-14) are saying in their book about Ayurveda (form of mind-body medicine that is based of the traditional system of medicine in India) that depression is a condition that involves physical being as well as mental health, emotional, social, and spiritual self. TheyShow MoreRelatedBipolar Depression : A Common And Serious Mental Disorder1464 Words   |  6 PagesOne minute she was happy, smiling, and laughing, but then out of know where, 20 minutes later, she is upset, crying, and saying there is no point to life. Bipolar depression otherwise known as manic depression, is a very common and serious mental disorder. The disorder can be caused by how the brain is wired and how it is functioning. The disorder is not a male or female dominate disorder, just as many men as women have the disorder. There are three different types of bipolar disorder. They are BipolarRead MoreAlcohol and Depression1759 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol and Depression: Is There a Link? Alcoholic beverages are the only consumable products in the U.S. that do not have nutrition labels. Consumers are being kept in the dark about serving size, alcoholic content, calories, carbohydrates, fats, protein, cholesterol and other nutrition information. Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is produced by fermenting the starch or sugar in various fruits and grains. Alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation and distillation include beerRead MorePsy 270 Week 4: Assignment: Depression Paper1774 Words   |  8 PagesDepression Paper Mark Miles Psy/270 4/3/2011 Ratonya Bennett Depression Paper Unipolar and Bipolar Disorder Many people go through a normal day and have their emotions fluctuate due to some sort of stimuli. It is quite normal for people to feel emotions like depression or elation because of certain situations or circumstances. It is when moods like depression or mania that affect people for a longer than normal period of time or when they constantly fluctuate between depression andRead MoreThe Revised Bdi Test Review.Doc5525 Words   |  23 PagesOF THE REVISED BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY Testing and Assesssment: Comprehensive review of the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) Daniel Beaulieu McGill University The Revised BDI (1993) Publication Dates: 1961-93 Authors: Aaron T. Beck and Robert A. Steer. 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Testing aids in serving professionals in figuring out sickness or deficiency andRead More Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Elderly Essay2394 Words   |  10 PagesDiagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Elderly Mental disorders are becoming more prevalent in todays society as people add stress and pressure to their daily lives. The elderly population is not eliminated as a candidate for a disorder just because they may be retired. In fact, mental disorders affect 1 in 5 elderly people. One would think that with disorders being rather prevalent in this age group that there would be an abundance of treatment programs, but this is not the case. Read MoreCna Code Of Ethics For Registered Nurses1611 Words   |  7 Pageshopelessness to Mr. C no matter how mentally competent he is, especially if he sees no chance for improvement with continued treatment (Gulanick Myers, 2014, p. 97). Hence, a nurse must provide opportunities for him to express any feelings of pessimism because this will create a supportive environment if he/she listens to him in a nonjudgmental manner. During a period of hopelessness, patients may not be able to recognize their strengths and fostering that awareness can exp edite use of these strengthsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology - Mood Disorders4501 Words   |  19 Pagesstate, whereas the former refers to the external expression observed by others. Definition Depression: A low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt, or related symptoms. Mania: a state of or episode of euphoria or frenzied activity in which people may have an exaggerated believe that the world is theirs for the taking. Symptoms of Depression †¢ Affective symptoms: The most striking symptom is depressed mood, with feelings of sadness, dejectionRead MoreComparing Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Domestic Violence and Women Victims of Rape2123 Words   |  9 Pagestowards women that is perpetrated by their husbands is less traumatizing than violence by others (Cascardi, O’Leary, Schlee, 1999). PTSD has been shown to be strongly associated with suicidal behaviors (Sanders, 1994). In addition to PTSD, depression, and substance abuse, other mental health problems have been noted in victimized women, such as but not limited too; cognitive difficulties, somatization, anxiety disorders, phobias, sleep disorders, fearfulness of spouse, and obsessive compulsivenessRead MoreEssay The Use of Drugs by 1950s Artists4691 Words   |  19 Pagesgive some insight into these artists world. At the end of World War II, American culture experienced an overhaul that ushered in a period of complacency beneath which paranoia seethed. A generation that had lived through the privations of the Depression and the horrors of world war was now presented with large suburban homes, convenient and impressive appliances, and pre-packaged entertainment. Such wonders so soon after extended hard times were greeted enthusiastically and even treated with a

Conflict between Individuality and Conformity in The Bell...

Conflict between Individuality and Conformity in The Bell Jar In Sylvia Plaths novel The Bell Jar, Esther Greenwood seems incapable of healthy relationships with other women. She is trapped in a patriarchal society with rigid expectations of womanhood. The cost of transgressing social norms is isolation, institutionalization and a lost identity as woman. The struggle for an individual identity under this regime is enough to drive a person to the verge of suicide. Given the oppressive system under which she must operate, Esther Greenwoods problems with women stem from her conflict between individuality and conformity. In formulating my topic, I have relied on Adrienne Richs book Of Woman Born, as well as Cathy†¦show more content†¦There was the famous poet, and Philomena Guinea, and Jay Cee, and the Christian Scientist lady and lord knows who, and they all wanted to adopt me in some way, and, for the price of their care and influence, have me resemble them (180). Early in the novel, Esther expresses her dissatisfaction with the nature of mentoring, observing that all the old ladies I ever knew wanted to teach me something, but I suddenly didnt think they had anything to teach me (5). Added to the list of problematic mentors and mothers could be Mrs. Willard, with all of her negative associations as potential mother-in-law. She, like those mentioned specifically by Esther, represent conformity to others expectations. Esthers problem with mentoring and modeling is not limited to older women. It extends as well as Doreen and Betsy, who represent conflicting images of Esther. Doreen is referred to by the narrator as one of my troubles rather than one of her friends (4). Esther perceives Betsy as an attempted rescuer, saying she behaved as if she were trying to save me in some way (5). This resentment toward those women who try to help her can be read as a reflection of Esthers fear of conformity. The fullest expression of matrophobia comes with Esthers vocalization of her underlying feelings towards her mother: I hate her (166). The statement was provoked by an expression of maternal affection, namely bringing flowersShow MoreRelatedSylvia Plath s The Bell Jar960 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sylvia Plath’s novel, The Bell Jar, Plath expresses her opposition to the idea of men having complete control over every aspect of women’s lives by utilizing the narrator Esther; a radical feminist, to speak out against conformity in a society run by men. Esther represents everything controversial about domesticity in the twentieth century. Throughout the novel she touches on taboo subjects such as radical feminism, rape, and resistance of patriarchal dictates, all of which were touchy topicsRead MoreThe Destructive Effects Of The Imposition Of Conformity On Individuality3604 Words   |  15 PagesThe destructive effect of the imposition of conformity on individuality in 1960sà ¢â‚¬â„¢ America The 1960s was America’s golden era. America had emerged the dominant super power out of World War 2; idolized around the world it allowed for the creation of the famous ethos: the American Dream - the ideal by which America was seen as the land of equality and opportunity, where anyone was allowed to achieve his or her highest aspirations and goals. However despite the dream, American society would not allowRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagesclassical Western cultural traditions 20. What is â€Å"double consciousness†? (A) W. E. B. Du Bois’s term for African Americans’ sense of â€Å"doubleness† when identifying themselves as simultaneously black and American—identities that were sometimes in conflict with one another (B) poet Mina Loy’s idea that women must simultaneously engage masculine and feminine emotions (C) German philosopher Karl Marx’s articulation of the fractured identity of the working class (D) playwright Eugene O’Neill’s theory

Organisational Behaviour Challenging Markets and Management

Question: Describe about the Organisational Behaviour for Challenging Markets and Management. Answer: Introduction The article The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills by Ann Hutchison Peter Boxall is very informative as it gives a comprehensive report on the most serious challenges that face the human resource departments in New Zealand regarding managerial skills, challenging markets and ever-changing environment. Executive managers in organizations are the epitome of leadership where they oversee the operations to ensure that the companys activities are geared towards the achievement of the shareholders objectives. In conducting their responsibilities, these managers are often faced with varied risks and threats that arise from their environment both internal and external and they always strive to bring harmony for a common goal. Like in other organizations globally, the chief executive in New Zealand are faced with similar challenges. The article was therefore aimed at examining the Supreme substantial issues that executive managers hav e to deal with in their daily operations and their impacts on the management skills both in the private, public and in non-profit organizations (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p.24). It is noted from the article that New Zealand just like most nations across the globe, experienced great economic setbacks as a result of the 2008-09 financial crisis and this derailed their economic growth. As a result, the government has been subjected to extensive borrowing in order to finance its economy so as to help bridge the budget deficit (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p. 24). From this view, I note that the article further highlights the effects of the global financial crises in the New Zealands economy. It is due to the financial crises that the country has experienced reduced economic growth, exports of its labor force and restricted opportunities for its labor force. The New Zealands executive managers are therefore faced further with the threats of the financial crisis which have also contributed to the fall in the management and technical skills. Summary of the article This article by Ann Hutchison Peter Boxall is majorly about the various forms of challenges and threats facing the executive managers of New Zealand following the various types of the environments in which they are exposed. In expressing their point of view, the authors argue that New Zealand managers face varied challenges ranging from recruitment of specialized roles to the retaining of the educated workforce since the countrys industry is majorly operating under small scale thereby resulting into loss of managerial skills. The setting of the article is the New Zealand economy and its workforce which is faced with serious economic threats. In order to collect the executive views on the challenges, the research was conducted in form of survey to the 1000 New Zealands largest organizations ranging from public, private to the non-profit organizations (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p. 27). Data was collected from 265 executive managers which gave a response rate of 27% which was below the standard. The study used 19 challenges and 14 risks factors which were ranked using Likert scale of 1to 4 and 1to 3 respectively to help categorize the intensity of each of the item in the organizations and open-ended questions to give the respondents the opportunity to express their open views (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p. 28). The results indicated that the private sector is majorly affected by the market risks followed by access to finance. The public and non-profit reported almost similar results with changes in the economic climate becoming the most significant risk followed by fundraising. Access to fianc was also considered as a major challenge affecting the executive managers (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p. 29). From the results of the study, the authors concluded that the top executives in various organizations in New Zealand are faced with three major management challenges outlined as managing stakeholders and business associates, managing people and the scarce resources and managing risks and renewal (Boxall Frenkel 2012, p. 646). The authors further concluded that for the managers to minimize their challenges, it is prudent to first manage the uncertainty and renewal by adapting to the constant technological and market changes. Moreover, for the other challenges, the companies need to be more versa tile having an ability to think laterally and be able to find solutions to the novel problems that aims to change the rule of the game (Boxall Frenkel 2012, p. 648). Critical Analysis of the Article From the structure of the article, the report was well presented in a clear and concise manner that makes it easy for readers to find the stem of the report. Through proper organization, the report is understandable, and it has addressed the themes of the study with sufficient supporting literature. This gives the readers a deeper understanding of the situations facing the executive managers in New Zealand and what contributed to the current challenges and economic threats (Hutchinson Boxall 2014, p. 30). The method used to conduct the research was very appropriate depending on the purpose of the research and helped produce accurate data besides having a clear and distinct purpose so as to make informed decisions based on the data gathered. The choice of using both qualitative and quantitative forms of data gave the respondents a wide view of responding to the research questions as they were able to express the challenges they were facing fully. Through the use of both qualitative a nd quantitative, the authors were able to draw comprehensive conclusions based on the results since not all the organizations have similar perceptions on the intensity on the challenges and risks they face (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Based on the thesis of the article, the authors have delved much on the main objective of the study. They have provided conclusive literature on the various forms of challenges and risks that face the New Zealand managers. In this light, therefore, the article was appropriately directed to the target audience who were the managers as it also provided remedies to the salient challenges and risks they face. The structuring of the survey questions was also very appropriate in responding to the thesis of the study as they were well dispersed across the different sectors of the economy and further, they addressed various forms of threats in the organizations. This gives a comprehensive dataset from which to draw conclusions. As noted by Yukl (2012), the article has vividly discussed the three themes of the study based on the results of the research. Through this discussion, the authors have provided the audience with an in-depth insight on how to manage the various forms of challenges and risks. The article has further provided the audience with Yukl (2012) taxonomy of leadership behaviours model that further gives an understanding of how to manage the economic threats and other forms of managerial challenges (Yukl 2012). Despite the fact that the article extensively addressed the themes of the study; the article lacked a well-structured and conclusive executive summary. The summary provided does not address all the facets of the study, and this, therefore, does not give the reader full picture of what the article contains. Additionally, from the 1000 survey issued, only 265 were returned, and this gives below average return rate hence it does have a full representation of the views of majority of the chief executives in New Zealand (Eriksson Kovalainen 2015). The conclusions drawn from such results cannot be considered to fully address the key challenges facing the organizations in the country (Eriksson Kovalainen 2015). Further, the article had limited picture of the organizations since the data analyzed was obtained from only one respondent in the organization (the chief executives). Using these kinds of data further, limits the extent to which the authors drew their conclusions. From my point of view, I believe that to a large extent, the article has addressed the themes of the study in a distinct, elaborate and concise manner. The article gives a summarized and well-researched analysis of the challenges facing the chief executives of the New Zealands organizations. Despite the low rate of response, the use of Likert scale gave the respondents a wide scale of expressing the extent to which the challenges affect the sectors of the economy. Moreover, I believe that by using a wide variety of qualitative data of both challenges and risks, the authors provided a general view of the serious challenges and risks faced by most firms in New Zealand. The results and recommendations can, therefore, be applied to most of the executives to improve their management skills. To this extent, I agree with the thesis statement since it provides the insight of what the article illustrates. From the analysis in the article, the authors have supported the thesis with sufficient literature which provided the basis for study. Conclusion As a result of the 2008-09 global financial crisis, the New Zealands economy has been struggling to stabilize and due to this, it has exposed the chief executives to various forms of risks and challenges. The main challenges discussed in the article which the environment exposes the managers are management of stakeholders and corporate associates, management of workers and the scarce resources and managing risks and renewal. It is, therefore, the duty of the chief executives to find solutions to the various challenges by adopting various strategies. As a result of these challenges, the organizations human resource specialists should focus much more on the development of good managers to help curb the challenges and improve the countrys productivity. With good human resources experts, the organizations will be able to remedy the three categories of the challenges and risks. References Boxall, P. Frenkel, S., 2012. Models of human resource management in Australia and New Zealand. In C Brewster and W Mayrhofer (eds) Handbook of research on comparative human resource management, pp.644662. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015. Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage Hutchinson, A. Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, vol.52, pp.23-41. Yukl G., 2012. Effective leadership behaviour: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 26, pp.66-85. doi: 10.5465/amp.2012.0088.

Window Dressing Of Financial Account Is Fraudulent Accounting Essay Example For Students

Window Dressing Of Financial Account Is Fraudulent Accounting Essay Harmonizing to Wikipedia Online accounting is the art of pass oning fiscal information about a concern entity to users such as stockholders and directors . The Law of commercialism provinces that concern administration must objectively enter the histories of the concern administration. These Torahs besides province histories must be clear and stand for a just and true record of the fiscal personal businesss of a concern ; these Torahs besides put in topographic point ordinances on distinguishable ways in which a concern administration can show their histories. Corporate direction have some discretion in act uponing We will write a custom essay on Window Dressing Of Financial Account Is Fraudulent Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now the happening, measuring and coverage of these points.In contrast legal agencies can be adopted by concern administrations in order to pull strings their histories as to paint a different fiscal picture.A A This can merely be referred as window dressing. A Harmonizing to Your Dictionary window dressing is an accommodation made to a portfolio or fiscal statement to make a more positive visual aspect than is really the instance. For illustration, a director may make up ones mind to supply window dressing to a portfolio by selling stock that has declined in value and replacing it with stock that has increased in value . By making this the director creates the feeling of a successful portfolio direction. In short, WD is a fiscal statement use or window dressing where frauds are camouflaged by exaggerating the income or minimizing the disbursals or understating liabilities and exaggerating assets. Tutor2u see window dressing as a signifier of accounting affecting the use of figures to blandish the fiscal the fiscal place of the concern . The focal point of window dressing: Liquidity concealing a deteriorating liquidness place Profitability massaging net income figures Outline1 The Importance of Window Dressing2 Advantages of Window Dressing3 Examples of window dressing in Indian Companies:4 . The Importance of Window Dressing To acquire congratulations from portion holders and possible portion holders the history book must be decently percentaed and do good to the general populace as observed in the instance A.B.B ( Asia, Bovia and Brown ) Incorporated US this building house along side with enron presented to the general populace for 10 old ages a positive history balance even though they were in ruddy and their portions and stock were the toast of the US before the bubble. Similarly, window dressing is of import to enable the house to raise present and future capital from the stock market given their positive history balance as in the instance of Intercontential bank and pelagic bank severally in Nigeria who were rated AA+ by international recognition evaluation companies where as they were in the forests. Window dressing is similar to asymmetric information in which a party has better information than the other. To sell a hailing company it must be window appareled otherwise no prospective purchaser will come. Besides to avoid revenue enhancement payment a house may show a hapless fiscal return or place to the general populace to technically hedge payments of revenue enhancement. This is achieved by distotinting the balance sheet of the house. Advantages of Window Dressing The advantages of window dressing is similar to the importance of window dressing in the sense that the house is able to accomplish what its taking to accomplish without running poultry of the jurisprudence. The punishment for window dressing is mild except where it is non decently done as in the instance of Enron where the proprietor was jailed for more than 36 old ages even though Enron has achieved what it wanted to accomplish. Furthermore it cost less to window frock than taking a loan for concern enlargement merely because it involves with internal running of the house. .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .postImageUrl , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:hover , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:visited , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:active { border:0!important; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:active , .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6 .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc93bdee64c6df759b40de4fc4e8f52c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The core EssayDisadvantages of Window Dressing Examples of window dressing in Indian Companies: 1. Tata Motors transferred 24 % interest in Tata Automotive Components ( TACO ) , a company with gross of $ 675 in FY07, to Tata Capital, a group company, and booked a net income of Rs 110 crore in Q1 FY09. Management declined to unwrap the rating methodological analysis. Tata Motors besides changed its methodological analysis for ciphering commissariats for dubious receivables, which resulted in higher reported Ebitda to the extent of Rs 50.7 crore ( 10 % of Ebitda ) . 2. TCS, the package major, increased its depreciation policy on computing machines from two old ages to four old ages. As a consequence, Q1 FY09 PBT was higher by an estimated Rs 50 crore ( 4 % of net net income in 1QFY09 ) . TCS followed cash-flow hedge accounting and boulder clay FY08, it used to recognize fudging additions on effectual hedges in its gross line, therefore hiking the reported gross growing and Ebit border. In FY08, TCS had Rs 421crore from fudging additions, of which, Rs 137 crore was included in the gross line. However, from Q1 FY09, TCS is expected to describe all forex losses/gains below the Ebit line in other income. Therefore, the losingss it had on its hedge place will no longer be booked in the operating line. 3. Jet Airways, changed its depreciation policy from WDV to SLM, and thereby wrote back Rs 920 crore into its P A ; L, which helped the company to describe net incomes during the one-fourth. It besides helped Jet to describe a higher net worth, which will assist in maintaining reported pitching low. 4. Dr Reddy s adjusted grade to market losingss ( Q1 FY08 ) on outstanding $ 250 million of hedges in the balance sheet, while P A ; L reflects forex additions realised. 5. Reliance Communications adjusted short-run quarterly fluctuations in foreign exchange rates related to liabilities and adoptions to the transporting cost of fixed assets. The company adjusted Rs 109 crore of accomplished and Rs 955 crore of unfulfilled forex losingss in the above mode. In add-on, the company has non recognised Rs 399 crore of interlingual rendition losingss on FCCBs, since the FCCBs can potentially acquire converted, although the FCCBs are out of money. Adjusted for all the above, the company would hold virtually no net incomes in Q1 FY09. Bibliography and Reference Stimpson P. ( 2002 ) , AS and A degree Business Studies. Cambridge University imperativeness Dave.H, Jones.R.C, Andertain. A, ( 1993 ) Business Studies ( 4th edition ) . Pearson Education Edinburgh .